Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences by Frederick J. Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau ISBN 10: 1305504917 ISBN 13: 9781305504912

SUBJECT INDEX 731
SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences) (Continued)
frequency distribution tables, 59
histogram, 59
independent-measures t test, 326–327
linear regression, 554
mean, 95
multiple regression, 554
Pearson correlation, 521–522
phi-coefficient, 522
point-biserial correlation, 522
range, 126–127
repeated-measures ANOVA, 437–438
repeated-measures t test, 356–358
Spearman correlation, 522
standard deviation, 126–127
t test, 292–293
two-factor ANOVA, 474–475
variance, 126–127
z-scores, 154
Square roots, 641–642
SS. See Sum of squares (SS)
SS between
, 378–379
SS between subjects
, 422–423
SS between treatments
ANOVA, 378
repeated-measures ANOVA, 422, 423
two-factor ANOVA, 460–461
SS regression
, 540
SS residual
, 539–541
SS total
, 377–378
SS within treatments
ANOVA, 378
repeated-measures ANOVA, 422, 423
two-factor ANOVA, 461
Standard deviation, 103–108, 128
analogy for, 123
defined, 105
and descriptive statistics, 121–123
distribution of sample means, 201
estimated population, 115
frequency distribution graphs, 119–120
In the Literature, 121
population, 110
sample, 112–115, 269
SPSS, 126–127
and standard error, 202–204
transformations of scale, 120–121
and z-scores, 138–140
Standard error, 210–213
defined, 201
distribution of sample means, 201–204
estimated. See Estimated standard error
hypothesis testing, 243–244, 268
In the Literature, 213–214
population standard deviation, 202–204
reliability, measure of, 217–218
sample size, 202
and standard deviation, 202–204
Standard error of estimate
correlation, 540-541
multiple regression, 548–549
regression, 538–540
Standard scores, 133, 145, 147. See also
z-scores
Standardized distributions, 134, 141–148,
145–148
for samples, 149–150
Statistic, 5
Statistical notation, 25–28
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS). See SPSS (Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences)
Statistical power, 254–259
Statistical procedures, 2
Statistical tables, 647–662
chi-square distribution, 659
F distribution, 653–655
F-max, 652
frequency distributions, 35–37, 38–40
Mann-Whitney U, 660–661
Pearson correlation, 657
Spearman correlation, 658
studentized range statistic (q), 656
t distribution, 651
unit normal table, 647–650
Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, 662
Statistically significant results, 241–242
Statistics
definitions of, 2–3
descriptive, 5–6, 8–9
inferential, 6, 8–9
purposes of, 3
research and, 7–9
scales of measurement, and, 23–24
Statistics organizer, 701–715
category 1 (single group of participants),
701, 702, 705–707
category 2 (single group of participants,
two variables), 701, 703, 707–711
category 3 (two or more groups of
scores), 701, 703–704, 712–715
scales of measurement, 701–702
Stem, 56
Stem and leaf display, 56–57
Studentized range statistic (q), 394, 656
Sum of products (SP), 490–492
sum of squares, compared, 491
Sum of squares (SS), 108–110, 128
ANOVA, 377–379
defined, 108, 112–113
sum of products, compared, 491
Summation notation, 25–26, 30–31
Summation sign (Σ), 25–26
Symbols
mathematical, 627–629
statistical, 25–28
Symmetrical distributions, 46, 48, 92–93
t distribution, 271–274, 651
t statistic, 268–274
Cohen’s d, estimated, 279–281
confidence interval, 284
defined, 270
degrees of freedom, 270–274, 508
effect size, 279–288
estimated d, 280
goodness of fit test, 572–573
hypothesis testing, 274–279, 293–294
independent-measures t statistic,
compared, 309
In the Literature, 287
one-tailed test and, 288–290
percentage of variance, 281–284
for related-samples designs, 341–342, 346
repeated measures t test, 342
sample size, 278
sample variance, 278
SPSS, 292–293
z-score, differences between, 271–272
t tests. See also Independent-measures t test;
Repeated-measures t test; t statistic
ANOVA, 401–402
assumptions for, 277–278
In the Literature, 287
SPSS, 292–293
Tables. See Statistical tables
Tail of a distribution, 48
Tail of the normal curve, 168, 169, 647
Test for independence. See Independence test
using Chi-square statistic
Test statistic, 233
for ANOVA, 370–371
for binomial test, 606–607
Testing hypothesis. See Hypothesis testing
Testwise alpha level, 370
Theory verification through correlation, 496
Tone identification, 84–85
Total degrees of freedom (df total
), 380, 381
Total sum of squares (SS total
), 377–378
Total variability, 460
Transformations of scale, 120–121
Treatment effects, 250, 350–351
ANOVA, 373–374
repeated-measures ANOVA, 430–431,
431–433
Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference
(HSD) test, 394–395, 428
Two-factor ANOVA, 447–483
assumptions for, 472
between-treatments variance, 460–461
effect size, 458–467, 464–465, 478
F-ratio, 458, 463–464
for fixed-time condition, 469–470
graphs of, 455
hypothesis tests, 458
individual differences, reducing variance
caused by, 470–472
interaction, 452–454, 456–457
In the Literature, 465
main effects, 450–451, 456–457, 467–470
mean squares, 459, 463–464
notation, 460