Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences by Frederick J. Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau ISBN 10: 1305504917 ISBN 13: 9781305504912

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720 REFERENCESMorse, C. K. (1993). Does variability increase with age?An archival study of cognitive measures. Psychologyand Aging, 8, 156–164.Oishi, S., & Schimmack, U. (2010). Residential mobility,well-being, and mortality. Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 98, 980–994.Persson, J., Bringlov, E., Nilsson, L., & Nyberg. L.(2004). The memory-enhancing effects of Ginsengand Ginkgo biloba in health volunteers. Psychopharmacology,172, 430–434.Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Cote, S., Cheng, B. H., & Keitner,D. (2010). Having less, giving more: the influence ofsocial class on prosocial behavior. Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 99, 771–784.Plomin, R., Corley, R., DeFries, J. C., & Fulker, D. W.(1990). Individual differences in television viewingin early childhood: Nature as well as nurture.Psychological Science, 1, 371–377.Polman, H., de Castro, B. O., & van Aken, M. A.G.(2008). Experimental study of the differential effectsof playing versus watching violent video games onchildren’s aggressive behavior. Aggressive Behavior,34, 256–264. doi:10.1002/ab.20245Reed, E. T., Vernon, P. A., & Johnson, A. M. (2004).Confirmation of correlation between brain nerveconduction velocity and intelligence level in normaladults. Intelligence, 32, 563–572.Resenhoeft, A., Villa, J., & Wiseman, D. (2008). Tattooscan harm perceptions: A study and suggestions.Journal of American College Health, 56, 593–596.Rohwedder, S., & Willis, R. J. (2010). Mental retirement.Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24, 119–138.DOI: 10.1257/jep.24.1.119Scaife, M. (1976). The response to eye-like shapes bybirds. I. The effect of context: A predator and a strangebird. Animal Behaviour, 24, 195–199.Schachter. S. (1968). Obesity and eating. Science, 161,751–756.Scharf, R., Demmer, R., & DeBoer, M. M. (2013).Longitudinal evaluation of milk type consumedand weight status in preschoolers. Archives ofDisease in Childhood, 98, 335–340. Doi 10.1136/archdischild-2012-302941Schmidt, S. R. (1994). Effects of humor on sentencememory. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 20, 953–967.Seery, M. D., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2010).Whatever does not kill us: Cumultive lifetimeadversity, vulnerability, and resilience. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 99, 1025–1041.DOI: 10.1037/a0021344Shrauger, J. S. (1972). Self-esteem and reactions to beingobserved by others. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 23, 192–200.Shulman, C., & Guberman, A. (2007). Acquisition of verbmeaning through syntactic cues: A comparison of childrenwith autism, children with specific language impairment(SLI) and children with typical language development(TLD). Journal of Child Language, 34, 411– 423.Slater, A., Von der Schulenburg, C., Brown, E.,Badenoch, M., Butterworth, G., Parsons, S., &Samuels, C. (1998). Newborn infants prefer attractivefaces. Infant Behavior and Development, 21, 345–354.Smyth, J. M., Stone, A. A., Hurewitz, A., & Kaell, A.(1999). Effects of writing about stressful experienceson symptom reduction in patients with asthma or rheumatoidarthritis: A randomized trial. Journal of theAmerican Medical Association, 281, 1304–1309.Stephens, R., Atkins, J., & Kingston, A. (2009). Swearingas a response to pain. NeuroReport: For Rapid Communicationof Neuroscience Research, 20, 1056–1060.DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832e64b1Strack, F., Martin, L. L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibitingand facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusivetest of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journalof Personality & Social Psychology, 54, 768–777.Trockel, M. T., Barnes, M. D., & Egget, D. L. (2000).Health-related variables and academic performanceamong first-year college students: Implications forsleep and other behaviors. Journal of AmericanCollege Health, 49, 125–131.Trombetti, A, Hars, M. Herrmann, F.R., Kressig, R. W.,Ferrari, S., & Rizzoli, R. (2011). Effect of music-basedmultitask training on gait, balance, and fall risk inelderly people: a randomized controlled trial. Archivesof Internal Medicine, 171, 525–533.Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Reading,MA: Addison-Wesley.Twenge, J. M. (2000). The age of anxiety? Birth cohortchange in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952–1993.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79,1007–1021.U.S. Census Bureau. (2005). Americans spend morethan 100 hours commuting to work each year, CensusBureau reports. Retrieved January 14, 2009, fromwww.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/american_community_survey_acs/004489.htmlvon Hippel, P. T. (2005). Mean, median, and skew:Correcting a textbook rule. Journal of StatisticsEducation, 13.Wegesin, D. J., & Stern, Y. (2004). Inter- and intraindividualvariability in recognition memory: Effects
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EDITION10Statistics for theBehavior
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Statistics for the Behavioral Scien
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CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 Introduction to S
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CONTENTSvii5.4 Using z-Scores to St
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CONTENTSixCHAPTER 10 The t Test for
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CONTENTSxiCHAPTER 15 Correlation 48
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PREFACEMany students in the behavio
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PREFACExv3. The former Chapter 19,
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PREFACExviiTo the StudentA primary
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ABOUT THE AUTHORSFREDERICK J GRAVET
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PREVIEWBefore we begin our discussi
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4 CHAPTER 1 | Introduction to Stati
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10 CHAPTER 1 | Introduction to Stat
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PREVIEWThere is some evidence that
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36 CHAPTER 2 | Frequency Distributi
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Central TendencyCHAPTER3Tools You W
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SECTION 3.1 | Overview 69DEFINITION
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SECTION 3.2 | The Mean 71research r
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SECTION 3.2 | The Mean 73the distri
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SECTION 3.2 | The Mean 75TABLE 3.1S
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SECTION 3.2 | The Mean 77Table 3.2
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SECTION 3.3 | The Median 793.3 The
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SECTION 3.3 | The Median 81To find
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SECTION 3.4 | The Mode 832. What is
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SECTION 3.4 | The Mode 85FIGURE 3.7
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SECTION 3.5 | Selecting a Measure o
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SECTION 3.6 | Central Tendency and
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 95of centr
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PROBLEMS 976. A population of N = 1
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VariabilityCHAPTER4Tools You Will N
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SECTION 4.1 | Introduction to Varia
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SECTION 4.2 | Defining Standard Dev
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SECTION 4.3 | Measuring Variance an
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SECTION 4.4 | Measuring Standard De
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SECTION 4.5 | Sample Variance as an
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SECTION 4.6 | More about Variance a
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SUMMARY 1252. A population has a me
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 127VAR0000
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PROBLEMS 1299. For the following se
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z-Scores: Location of Scoresand Sta
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SECTION 5.1 | Introduction to z-Sco
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SECTION 5.2 | z-Scores and Location
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SECTION 5.2 | z-Scores and Location
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SECTION 5.3 | Other Relationships B
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SECTION 5.4 | Using z-Scores to Sta
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SECTION 5.4 | Using z-Scores to Sta
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SECTION 5.5 | Other Standardized Di
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SECTION 5.5 | Other Standardized Di
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SECTION 5.6 | Computing z-Scores fo
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SECTION 5.7 | Looking Ahead to Infe
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SUMMARY 153LEARNING CHECK1. In N =
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DEMONSTRATION 5.2 155sure that your
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PROBLEMS 15716. A distribution of e
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PREVIEWHow likely is it that you wi
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162 CHAPTER 6 | Probabilitythe prob
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164 CHAPTER 6 | Probability(Note: W
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166 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityFIGURE 6
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168 CHAPTER 6 | Probability■ The
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170 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityFinding
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172 CHAPTER 6 | Probabilityand exac
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174 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityFinally,
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176 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityXz-score
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178 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityBOX 6.1
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180 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityEXAMPLE
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182 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityFIGURE 6
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184 CHAPTER 6 | Probability6.5 Look
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186 CHAPTER 6 | Probability2. For a
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188 CHAPTER 6 | ProbabilityDEMONSTR
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190 CHAPTER 6 | Probability6. Draw
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Probability and Samples: TheDistrib
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SECTION 7.1 | Samples, Populations,
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SECTION 7.1 | Samples, Populations,
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SECTION 7.2 | The Distribution of S
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SECTION 7.3 | Probability and the D
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SECTION 7.3 | Probability and the D
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SECTION 7.4 | More about Standard E
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SECTION 7.4 | More about Standard E
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 219SUMMARY
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PROBLEMS 221STEP 2Compute the z-sco
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Introduction toHypothesis TestingCH
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SECTION 8.1 | The Logic of Hypothes
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SECTION 8.2 | Uncertainty and Error
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SECTION 8.2 | Uncertainty and Error
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SECTION 8.3 | More about Hypothesis
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SECTION 8.3 | More about Hypothesis
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SECTION 8.4 | Directional (One-Tail
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SECTION 8.5 | Concerns about Hypoth
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SECTION 8.5 | Concerns about Hypoth
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SECTION 8.6 | Statistical Power 255
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 2618. The
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PROBLEMS 263In this distribution, o
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PROBLEMS 26513. A random sample is
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Introduction to the t StatisticCHAP
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SECTION 9.1 | The t Statistic: An A
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SECTION 9.2 | Hypothesis Tests with
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SECTION 9.2 | Hypothesis Tests with
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SECTION 9.3 | Measuring Effect Size
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SECTION 9.4 | Directional Hypothese
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SUMMARY 2913. A researcher rejects
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DEMONSTRATION 9.1 293One-Sample Sta
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PROBLEMS 295PROBLEMS1. Under what c
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PROBLEMS 297b. Construct the 90% co
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The t Test for TwoIndependent Sampl
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SECTION 10.1 | Introduction to the
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SECTION 10.2 | The Null Hypothesis
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SECTION 10.3 | Hypothesis Tests wit
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SECTION 10.4 | Effect Size and Conf
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SECTION 10.5 | The Role of Sample V
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KEY TERMS 325SUMMARY1. The independ
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 327Group S
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PROBLEMS 329The t Statistic Finally
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PROBLEMS 331c. Write a sentence dem
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PROBLEMS 33319. If other factors ar
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PREVIEWIt’s the night before an e
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338 CHAPTER 11 | The t Test for Two
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PREVIEWYour job interview is tomorr
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368 CHAPTER 12 | Introduction to An
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Repeated-MeasuresAnalysis of Varian
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SECTION 13.1 | Overview of the Repe
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SECTION 13.2 | Hypothesis Testing a
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SECTION 13.3 | More about the Repea
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SPSS ® 4375. When the obtained F-r
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DEMONSTRATION 13.1 439you must also
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PROBLEMS 441PROBLEMS1. How does the
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PROBLEMS 44313. The following summa
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PROBLEMS 44523. The following data
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Two-FactorAnalysis of Variance(Inde
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SECTION 14.1 | An Overview of the T
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SECTION 14.2 | An Example of the Tw
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SECTION 14.3 | More about the Two-F
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SUMMARY 473SUMMARY1. A research stu
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FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING 475Descrip
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DEMONSTRATION 14.1 477STEP 2STAGE 1
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PROBLEMS 479PROBLEMS1. Define each
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PROBLEMS 48115. Research results in
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PROBLEMS 483EasyFactorA TaskDifficu
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PREVIEWA recent report describing t
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488 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationDEFINIT
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490 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationDEFINIT
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492 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationSubstit
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494 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationeither
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496 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationreliabl
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498 CHAPTER 15 | Correlation60Numbe
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500 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationOne of
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502 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationBOX 15.
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504 CHAPTER 15 | Correlation171615Z
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506 CHAPTER 15 | Correlation3. What
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508 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationon the
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510 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationLEARNIN
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512 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationScoresR
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514 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationThe pro
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516 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationthat a
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518 CHAPTER 15 | Correlationmeasure
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520 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationSUMMARY
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522 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationTo comp
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524 CHAPTER 15 | CorrelationSTEP 2C
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526 CHAPTER 15 | Correlation14. Ide
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Introduction to RegressionCHAPTER16
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SECTION 16.1 | Introduction to Line
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SECTION 16.2 | The Standard Error o
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SECTION 16.3 | Introduction to Mult
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KEY TERMS 553a predicted portion an
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DEMONSTRATION 16.1 555DEMONSTRATION
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PROBLEMS 557Alzheimer’s disease.
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The Chi-Square Statistic:Tests for
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SECTION 17.1 | Introduction to Chi-
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SECTION 17.2 | An Example of the Ch
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SECTION 17.3 | The Chi-Square Test
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SECTION 17.4 | Effect Size and Assu
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SECTION 17.4 | Effect Size and Assu
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SECTION 17.5 | Special Applications
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SECTION 17.5 | Special Applications
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SUMMARY 591With df = 2 and α = .05
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SPSS ® SPSS ® 593General instruct
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DEMONSTRATION 17.1 595FOCUS ON PROB
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PROBLEMS 597Finally, we can add the
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PROBLEMS 599response, a sample of 1
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PROBLEMS 601a researcher obtains a
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PREVIEWIn 1960, Gibson and Walk des
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606 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Testp
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608 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Test2
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610 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Test
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612 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Test
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614 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial TestT
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616 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial Testt
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618 CHAPTER 18 | The Binomial TestB
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Basic Mathematics ReviewAPPENDIXAPR
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APPENDIX A | Basic Mathematics Revi
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648 APPENDIX B | Statistical Tables
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664 APPENDIX C | Solutions for Odd-
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Page 711 and 712: APPENDIX E | Hypothesis Tests for O
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Page 724 and 725: 702 Statistics Organizer: Finding t
Page 739 and 740: ReferencesAckerman, R. (2011). Meta
Page 741: REFERENCES 719Alzheimer’s disease
Page 746 and 747: 724 NAME INDEXKaell, A., 622Kahn, K
Page 748 and 749: 726 SUBJECT INDEXConfidence interva
Page 750 and 751: 728 SUBJECT INDEXIndependent random
Page 752 and 753: 730 SUBJECT INDEXResearch studies,
Page 754: 732 SUBJECT INDEXTwo-factor ANOVA (
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