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Reader’s Guide The Encyclopedia of Urban Studies is intended for a number of different audiences, ranging from high school students and teachers who require general information about topics that we have included here to advanced scholars who require an overview of topics not directly accessible in their area of study. This suggests that there are a number of ways to approach the encyclopedia—in other words, there are a number of ways to read the entries. In the following Reader’s Guide, we suggest several ways to use this encyclopedia, whether you have picked up this volume to find information about a specific subject, or you are interested in a general overview of the field of urban studies. At the beginning level, urban studies comprises a number of subfields within the more traditional disciplines that focus some part of their study of <strong>cities</strong> and urban life, as well as professional fields that deal with these topics. In addition to the entry on Urban Studies, there are entries on the following disciplines that contribute to urban studies: Urban Anthropology Urban Economics Urban Geography Urban History Urban Planning Urban Politics Urban Psychology Urban Sociology Disciplinary Approaches in Urban Studies The many urban disciplines have developed important concepts to explain both urban growth (urbanization) as well as characteristic features of urban life (urbanism). The encyclopedia includes entries on concepts in several of the disciplines: Urban Economics Affordable Housing Deindustrialization Developer Downtown Revitalization Ethnic Entrepreneur Gentrification Globalization Growth Poles xi Housing Land Developer Land Trust Marxism and the City Rent Control Rent Theory Tiebout Hypothesis Uneven Development Urban Agglomeration Urban Planning Urban Geography City Map Edge City Exopolis Fourth World
xii Reader’s Guide Location Theory Los Angeles School of Urban Studies Megalopolis Metropolitan Metropolitan Region Patchwork Urbanism Time Geography Urban Morphology Urban History Acropolis Allegory of Good Government Almshouse Ancient City Athens Béguinage Caravanserai Cultural Heritage Forum Heritage City Historic City Marxism and the City Medieval Town Design Renaissance City Santiago de Compostela, Spain Urban Politics Community Organizing Governance Growth Machine Local Government Metropolitan Governance New Regionalism Political Machine Progressive City Public Authorities Public–Private Partnerships Regime Theory Regional Governance Social Movements Urban Sociology Chicago School of Urban Sociology Community Community Studies Factorial Ecology Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Ghetto Human Ecology New Urban Sociology Stranger Urban Ecology Urbanism Urban Studies—Topical Areas Architecture Arcade Architecture Bilbao, Spain Bungalow Bunkers Capital City Discotheque Landscape Architecture Las Vegas, Nevada New Urbanism Renaissance City Themed Environments Urban Design Veranda Gender and Sex The study of gender and sex has been an important area of study in many of the urban disciplines. Many of the entries here emphasize the ways in which gender and sex create and redefine urban spaces in important ways: Béguinage Gay Space Gendered Space Non-Sexist City Public Realm Red-Light District Sex and the City Sex Industry Social Space Women and the City Social Space Fourth World Gay Space New Urbanism Night Space Non-Place Realm Piazza Public Realm
Page 3: Editorial Board Editor Ray Hutchiso
Page 6: Contents List of Entries vii Reader
Page 9 and 10: viii List of Entries Deindustrializ
Page 11: x List of Entries Spaces of Flows S
Page 15 and 16: xiv Reader’s Guide Urban Transpor
Page 17 and 18: xvi Reader’s Guide Davis, Mike de
Page 19 and 20: xviii About the Editors Robert A. B
Page 21 and 22: xx Contributors Mary Ann Caws Gradu
Page 23 and 24: xxii Contributors Petra Kuppinger M
Page 25 and 26: xxiv Contributors Harold Takooshian
Page 27 and 28: xxvi Introduction United States or
Page 29 and 30: Acknowledgments The development of
Page 31 and 32: 2 Advocacy Planning Steps were inst
Page 33 and 34: 4 Advocacy Planning Table 1 Compari
Page 35 and 36: 6 Affordable Housing Global Advocac
Page 37 and 38: 8 Agora The Latin equivalent of ago
Page 39 and 40: 10 Airports the Acropolis, the cent
Page 41 and 42: 12 Airports powerful. The age of th
Page 43 and 44: 14 Alinsky, Saul change and became
Page 45 and 46: 16 Allegory of Good Government Ambr
Page 47 and 48: 18 Almshouses are also safe to trav
Page 49 and 50: 20 Amsterdam, the Netherlands chang
Page 51 and 52: 22 Amsterdam, the Netherlands distr
Page 53 and 54: 24 Ancient Cities more progressive
Page 55 and 56: 26 Ancient Cities Mesoamerica Like
Page 57 and 58: 28 Annexation In summary, the most
Page 59 and 60: 30 Apartheid the growth of Los Ange
Page 61 and 62: 32 Apartheid number of ethnic “na
Page 63 and 64:
34 Arcade promoted order and contro
Page 65 and 66:
36 Architecture Geist, Johann Fried
Page 67 and 68:
38 Architecture states wanted to al
Page 69 and 70:
40 Architecture important question
Page 71 and 72:
42 Asian Cities many parts of Asia
Page 73 and 74:
44 Athens, Greece way by strengthen
Page 75 and 76:
46 Athens, Greece of myths and proc
Page 77 and 78:
48 Athens, Greece life to archaeolo
Page 79 and 80:
50 Athens, Greece in Attica, that h
Page 81 and 82:
52 Banlieue Ba n l i e u e The banl
Page 83 and 84:
54 Banlieue à loyer modéré). Fre
Page 85 and 86:
56 Barcelona, Spain Las Ramblas—a
Page 87 and 88:
58 Barcelona, Spain the Olympic Gam
Page 89 and 90:
60 Barrio marginalized families wit
Page 91 and 92:
62 Bazaar Hats on display at a baza
Page 93 and 94:
64 Bazaar conventional assumptions
Page 95 and 96:
66 Béguinage Beguinage Amsterdam i
Page 97 and 98:
68 Benjamin, Walter fourteenth cent
Page 99 and 100:
70 Berlin, Germany Writings on Film
Page 101 and 102:
72 Berlin, Germany levels in London
Page 103 and 104:
74 Berry, Brian J. L. 1981, he taug
Page 105 and 106:
76 Bilbao, Spain levels as the city
Page 107 and 108:
78 Bilbao, Spain In Bilbao, the mus
Page 109 and 110:
80 Bohemian well-received stage ada
Page 111 and 112:
82 Brasília, Brazil century, but i
Page 113 and 114:
84 Broadacre City his ideal communi
Page 115 and 116:
86 Bruges, Belgium political, and p
Page 117 and 118:
88 Buenos Aires, Argentina Bruges i
Page 119 and 120:
90 Buenos Aires, Argentina Autónom
Page 121 and 122:
92 Bungalow the colonial bungalow w
Page 123 and 124:
94 Buses Postmodern critics argue t
Page 125 and 126:
96 Buses suburban road systems, and
Page 127 and 128:
98 Cairo, Egypt conquered and settl
Page 129 and 130:
100 Cairo, Egypt City already inclu
Page 131 and 132:
102 Canberra, Australia Singerman,
Page 133 and 134:
104 Capital City keen to divest its
Page 135 and 136:
106 Capital City Table 1 Europe’s
Page 137 and 138:
108 Capital City triumphalist monum
Page 139 and 140:
110 Capitalist City Manchester mean
Page 141 and 142:
112 Caravanserai The attention devo
Page 143 and 144:
114 Castells, Manuel normally inclu
Page 145 and 146:
116 Castells, Manuel viewed the sta
Page 147 and 148:
118 Castells, Manuel Conclusion Acc
Page 149 and 150:
120 Catastrophe system, as commuter
Page 151 and 152:
122 Chicago, Illinois contrast, top
Page 153 and 154:
124 Chicago, Illinois Steel were ki
Page 155 and 156:
126 Chicago School of Urban Sociolo
Page 157 and 158:
128 Chicago School of Urban Sociolo
Page 159 and 160:
130 Childe, V. Gordon been self-sty
Page 161 and 162:
132 Chinatowns Chinatown in London
Page 163 and 164:
134 Chinatowns In many places, the
Page 165 and 166:
136 Christopher Wren, plan for Lond
Page 167 and 168:
138 Cinema (Movie House) films and
Page 169 and 170:
140 Cinematic Urbanism environment
Page 171 and 172:
142 Cinematic Urbanism 2. The essen
Page 173 and 174:
144 Citizenship Table 1 Advantages
Page 175 and 176:
146 Citizenship as a body politic (
Page 177 and 178:
148 City and Film Ci t y a n d fi l
Page 179 and 180:
150 City and Film shock as a decisi
Page 181 and 182:
152 City Beautiful Movement interna
Page 183 and 184:
154 City Beautiful Movement logical
Page 185 and 186:
156 City Club of civic buildings an
Page 187 and 188:
158 City of Memory See also Urban G
Page 189 and 190:
160 City of Memory commemoration, m
Page 191 and 192:
162 City Planning units. Today plan
Page 193 and 194:
164 City Users other while they bot
Page 195 and 196:
166 Colonial City dominated were cl
Page 197 and 198:
168 Colonial City that the form of
Page 199 and 200:
170 Common Interest Development Ros
Page 201 and 202:
172 Community consciousness. Wherea
Page 203 and 204:
174 Community social capital networ
Page 205 and 206:
176 Community Development Co M M u
Page 207 and 208:
178 Community Garden called this pr
Page 209 and 210:
180 Community Organizing power. The
Page 211 and 212:
182 Community Studies Engagement wi
Page 213 and 214:
184 Community Studies A primary aim
Page 215 and 216:
186 Convention Centers outside the
Page 217 and 218:
188 Creative Class has also resulte
Page 219 and 220:
190 Crime Rausch, Stephen and Cynth
Page 221 and 222:
192 Crime increasing reason for the
Page 223 and 224:
194 Cultural Heritage future genera
Page 225 and 226:
196 Cultural Heritage region in Ind
Page 227 and 228:
198 Cyburbia Street Seaport in New
Page 229 and 230:
200 Cyburbia large number of weak n
Page 232 and 233:
Da m a s c u s, sy r i a Capital of
Page 234 and 235:
southwest of the city), and a signi
Page 236 and 237:
characterization of the areas affec
Page 238 and 239:
knowledges of practices elude the g
Page 240 and 241:
36 percent over the same period. Th
Page 242 and 243:
Modern-day Delhi Source: Steven K.
Page 244 and 245:
Depression brought with it new capi
Page 246 and 247:
globalizing capital and demographic
Page 248 and 249:
normally in everyday life. Hence, d
Page 250 and 251:
Imrie, Rob. 1996. Disability and th
Page 252 and 253:
Discotheque and Resort Architecture
Page 254 and 255:
the total number of displacees in t
Page 256 and 257:
(Antifaschistische Schutzmauer). At
Page 258 and 259:
interior was vast. Its 8-meter wall
Page 260 and 261:
policies that would shift costs and
Page 262 and 263:
Downtown Revitalization An attempt
Page 264 and 265:
with producers. Trafficking routes,
Page 266 and 267:
Dorn, N., K. Murji, and N. South. 1
Page 268:
egard for cultural advancement, tog
Page 271 and 272:
242 Edge City distinguished by a nu
Page 273 and 274:
244 Environmental Justice such as t
Page 275 and 276:
246 Environmental Justice justice,
Page 277 and 278:
248 Environmental Policy air qualit
Page 279 and 280:
250 Environmental Psychology En v i
Page 281 and 282:
252 Environmental Psychology locate
Page 283 and 284:
254 Environmental Psychology healin
Page 285 and 286:
256 Ethnic Enclave civic organizati
Page 287 and 288:
258 Ethnic Entrepreneurship social
Page 289 and 290:
260 Exclusionary Zoning an industri
Page 291 and 292:
262 Exopolis Soja describes decentr
Page 294 and 295:
Fa c t o r i a l Ec o l o g y Facto
Page 296 and 297:
of supply and demand by creating su
Page 298 and 299:
Favelas’ Spatial and Social Featu
Page 300 and 301:
premonition, considered them a majo
Page 302 and 303:
over the city by eliminating povert
Page 304 and 305:
the city projects to the world. Fou
Page 306 and 307:
of authority on the skyline, counte
Page 308 and 309:
Further Readings Dameron, George W.
Page 310 and 311:
statelessness. The 2007 Declaration
Page 312:
Other things being equal, each firm
Page 315 and 316:
286 Garden City Americans. Gans sho
Page 317 and 318:
288 Garden City Association (in 194
Page 319 and 320:
290 Gated Community A gated communi
Page 321 and 322:
292 Gay Space much more than the ph
Page 323 and 324:
294 Geddes, Patrick Forth Valley re
Page 325 and 326:
296 Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft G
Page 327 and 328:
298 Gendered Space These are upheld
Page 329 and 330:
300 Gendered Space the nature of ge
Page 331 and 332:
302 Gender Equity Planning most pro
Page 333 and 334:
304 General Plan social work, those
Page 335 and 336:
306 Gentrification after World War
Page 337 and 338:
308 Gentrification reasonably self-
Page 339 and 340:
310 Ghetto African American communi
Page 341 and 342:
312 Ghetto Denoting African America
Page 343 and 344:
314 Global City impact of global fo
Page 345 and 346:
316 Globalization globalization has
Page 347 and 348:
318 Globalization Some cities have
Page 349 and 350:
320 Gottdiener, Mark research focus
Page 351 and 352:
322 Gottdiener, Mark 5. Both social
Page 353 and 354:
324 Governance Understanding this s
Page 355 and 356:
326 Graffiti Further Readings Davie
Page 357 and 358:
328 Graffiti writers seeking fame (
Page 359 and 360:
330 Growth Machine among the city s
Page 361 and 362:
332 Growth Machine Urban Fortunes),
Page 363 and 364:
334 Growth Management state governm
Page 365 and 366:
336 Growth Poles Szold, Terry S. an
Page 368 and 369:
Ha l f w a y Ho u s e A halfway hou
Page 370 and 371:
In 2005, Hall won the “Balzan Awa
Page 372 and 373:
and social class segregation follow
Page 374 and 375:
drinking water. Haussmann gave orde
Page 376 and 377:
manuscript was lost in a fire, and
Page 378 and 379:
in his 1989 masterpiece of paleo-ep
Page 380 and 381:
See also Sustainable Development; U
Page 382 and 383:
Heritage City The historic center o
Page 384 and 385:
spaces surrounding it. However, the
Page 386 and 387:
highlife artist Gyedu-Blay Ambolley
Page 388 and 389:
many cities in the world that conce
Page 390 and 391:
ut this condition of serving multip
Page 392 and 393:
A homeless youth on the streets of
Page 394 and 395:
Kusmer, K. 2002. “Down and Out.
Page 396 and 397:
maturity, until the loan is repaid.
Page 398 and 399:
has been a federal priority since t
Page 400 and 401:
above the 14th floor than anywhere
Page 402 and 403:
Hotel, Motel This contemporary hote
Page 404 and 405:
Jakle, J. A., K. A. Sculle, and J.
Page 406 and 407:
afford housing has been hampered by
Page 408 and 409:
the amenities are of a quite differ
Page 410 and 411:
y setting frameworks for financial
Page 412 and 413:
differences between countries. Furt
Page 414 and 415:
Traditional Approaches Associated w
Page 416:
See also Chicago School of Urban So
Page 419 and 420:
390 Ideal City imposing the same se
Page 421 and 422:
392 Informational City Nevertheless
Page 423 and 424:
394 Informational City community an
Page 425 and 426:
396 Intellectuals The concept of in
Page 427 and 428:
398 Intellectuals change has occurr
Page 429 and 430:
400 Isard, Walter theory and method
Page 431 and 432:
402 Islamic City takes inspiration
Page 433 and 434:
404 Islamic City Muslim cities. How
Page 435 and 436:
406 Istanbul, Turkey flow of immigr
Page 437 and 438:
408 Istanbul, Turkey the other end
Page 439 and 440:
410 Istanbul, Turkey See also Bazaa
Page 441 and 442:
412 Jacobs, Jane Further Readings J
Page 443 and 444:
414 Jacobs, Jane Settling into the
Page 445 and 446:
416 Journey to Work Throughout her
Page 447 and 448:
418 Journey to Work These results s
Page 449 and 450:
420 Kolkata (Calcutta), India Furth
Page 451 and 452:
422 Kracauer, Siegfried “politica
Page 453 and 454:
424 Kracauer, Siegfried operettas a
Page 456 and 457:
La g o s , Nigeria The modern city
Page 458 and 459:
protractedness of litigation over l
Page 460 and 461:
evolved in response to urbanization
Page 462 and 463:
inherent to capitalism also remakes
Page 464 and 465:
land trusts are nonprofit organizat
Page 466 and 467:
Las Vegas at night, from the top of
Page 468 and 469:
postmodern urban design theory. One
Page 470 and 471:
A well-maintained lawn in front of
Page 472 and 473:
of the potential dangers of repeate
Page 474 and 475:
this time that he read the works of
Page 476 and 477:
See also Architecture; Brasília, B
Page 478 and 479:
When these production relations are
Page 480 and 481:
This worldwide urban society will b
Page 482 and 483:
Structures of local government can
Page 484 and 485:
local governments often played impo
Page 486 and 487:
Weber, A. 1929. Theory of the Locat
Page 488 and 489:
esidences to meet specific conditio
Page 490 and 491:
An Economy Transformed The key to u
Page 492 and 493:
when a property became vacant and o
Page 494 and 495:
Angeles is the second-largest city
Page 496 and 497:
iots were sparked across the city a
Page 498 and 499:
the University of Southern Californ
Page 500 and 501:
(HOAs), which provided residents wi
Page 502 and 503:
In 1936, Lösch’s Rockefeller fel
Page 504 and 505:
Technology, where he taught for mor
Page 506 and 507:
contribution was particularly signi
Page 508:
writings and projects involved coll
Page 511 and 512:
482 Manchester, United Kingdom desc
Page 513 and 514:
484 Manila, Philippines with its pr
Page 515 and 516:
486 Marxism and the City clothes. E
Page 517 and 518:
488 Marxism and the City alongside
Page 519 and 520:
490 Medieval Town Design expansion
Page 521 and 522:
492 Medieval Town Design 0 0 0 0 N
Page 523 and 524:
494 Mediterranean Cities the fifth
Page 525 and 526:
496 Mediterranean Cities Popular su
Page 527 and 528:
498 Megalopolis Horden, P. and N. P
Page 529 and 530:
500 Megalopolis across utter jurisd
Page 531 and 532:
502 Metropolis River delta (greater
Page 533 and 534:
504 Metropolitan Further Readings E
Page 535 and 536:
506 Metropolitan Governance Metropo
Page 537 and 538:
508 Metropolitan Governance Despite
Page 539 and 540:
510 Metropolitan Region some locate
Page 541 and 542:
512 Mexico City, Mexico part of the
Page 543 and 544:
514 Mexico City, Mexico The Conserv
Page 545 and 546:
516 Mexico City, Mexico are chemica
Page 547 and 548:
518 Moscow, Russian Federation Desp
Page 549 and 550:
520 Moscow, Russian Federation Trip
Page 551 and 552:
522 Moses, Robert His civil service
Page 553 and 554:
524 Moses, Robert Neck Bridge (1961
Page 555 and 556:
526 Multicultural Cities Concepts i
Page 557 and 558:
528 Multicultural Cities integratio
Page 559 and 560:
530 Mumbai (Bombay), India See also
Page 561 and 562:
532 Mumford, Lewis Shanghai by 2013
Page 563 and 564:
534 Mumford, Lewis place,” and he
Page 565 and 566:
536 Museums posited an even bleaker
Page 567 and 568:
538 Museums order through symmetry
Page 570 and 571:
Na t i o N a l Ur b a N le a g U e
Page 572 and 573:
city planner and landscape architec
Page 574 and 575:
in terms of architectural features.
Page 576 and 577:
most significant example of an aggl
Page 578 and 579:
America in the 1980s. It advocates
Page 580 and 581:
developed Katrina cottages—a new,
Page 582 and 583:
Further Readings Calthorpe, P. 1992
Page 584 and 585:
of urban space and uneven developme
Page 586 and 587:
volumes (social impact, politics of
Page 588 and 589:
Roosevelt on a card left at Riis’
Page 590 and 591:
ooted in free trade, open markets,
Page 592 and 593:
esidential areas stir before settli
Page 594 and 595:
went on, improving the urban fabric
Page 596 and 597:
and its instrumental rationality. T
Page 598 and 599:
Non-places are mediated spaces that
Page 600 and 601:
Modern scientific Anglo-American to
Page 602 and 603:
the city, urban forms, and urban ec
Page 604 and 605:
Ot h e r Gl O b a l Cities The conc
Page 606 and 607:
exceptionality of the space in rela
Page 608 and 609:
Pa r i s, Fr a n c e Paris has alwa
Page 610 and 611:
metro stretched north to south (fro
Page 612 and 613:
Regents Park in London Source: Kare
Page 614 and 615:
as social as well as physical envir
Page 616 and 617:
ing model), this modernist metropol
Page 618 and 619:
form. Selfstyled the new urbanism
Page 620 and 621:
“Teaching the Young Idea,” phot
Page 622 and 623:
1917. These photographs provide a v
Page 624 and 625:
important than ever, but with the w
Page 626 and 627:
of the Law of the Indies issued by
Page 628 and 629:
at the square sipping a cappuccino,
Page 630 and 631:
not deter urban elites, including t
Page 632 and 633:
community centers, gardens, and oth
Page 634 and 635:
underlies planning can be seen as p
Page 636 and 637:
Flyvbjerg, Bent. 1998. Rationality
Page 638 and 639:
twentieth century also weakened mac
Page 640 and 641:
unions, and middleclass residents
Page 642 and 643:
Further References Clavel, Pierre.
Page 644 and 645:
Sculpture in the Anhui Garden cultu
Page 646 and 647:
practice of artistdesigned street
Page 648 and 649:
PU b l i c aU t h o r i t i e s Pub
Page 650 and 651:
as diverse as informal cooperation
Page 652 and 653:
practices. The fear that partnershi
Page 654 and 655:
individuals’ beliefs and behavior
Page 656:
in a similar way. Individual identi
Page 659 and 660:
630 Racialization planners, suburba
Page 661 and 662:
632 Railroad Station A railroad sta
Page 663 and 664:
634 Railroad Station The St. Pancra
Page 665 and 666:
636 Real Estate Re a l eS t a t e R
Page 667 and 668:
638 Red-Light District global and l
Page 669 and 670:
640 Red-Light District characterize
Page 671 and 672:
642 Redlining clubs, and DVD/video
Page 673 and 674:
644 Regime Theory elected officials
Page 675 and 676:
646 Regional Governance Lauria, Mic
Page 677 and 678:
648 Regional Governance motivate re
Page 679 and 680:
650 Regional Planning economic grow
Page 681 and 682:
652 Regional Planning the labor mar
Page 683 and 684:
654 Renaissance City For fourteenth
Page 685 and 686:
656 Renaissance City Brunelleschi a
Page 687 and 688:
658 Rent Control Re n t co n t R o
Page 689 and 690:
660 Rent Theory its understanding o
Page 691 and 692:
662 Resort Whistler, British Columb
Page 693 and 694:
664 Resort could be applied to a ra
Page 695 and 696:
666 Revanchist City Revanchists (fr
Page 697 and 698:
668 Right to the City way of living
Page 699 and 700:
670 Right to the City (albeit a cru
Page 701 and 702:
672 Riis, Jacob Manhattan news agen
Page 703 and 704:
674 Rome, Italy ———. 1902. Th
Page 705 and 706:
676 Rome, Italy populace abandoned
Page 707 and 708:
678 Rome, Italy inhabitants, and th
Page 709 and 710:
680 Santa Fe, New Mexico Santuario
Page 711 and 712:
682 Santiago de Compostela, Spain a
Page 713 and 714:
684 São Paulo, Brazil both a signi
Page 715 and 716:
686 São Paulo, Brazil But although
Page 717 and 718:
688 Savannah, Georgia within the na
Page 719 and 720:
690 Savannah, Georgia Savannah, the
Page 721 and 722:
692 Sert, Josep Lluís The founding
Page 723 and 724:
694 Sert, Josep Lluís to make it i
Page 725 and 726:
696 Sewer sewer and define its plac
Page 727 and 728:
698 Sex and the City city had to of
Page 729 and 730:
700 Sex Industry Browne, K., J. Lim
Page 731 and 732:
702 Sex Industry (and, by implicati
Page 733 and 734:
704 Shanghai, China Further Reading
Page 735 and 736:
706 Shanghai, China be a Chinese ve
Page 737 and 738:
708 Shophouse and cities in Southea
Page 739 and 740:
710 Shopping develop cultural capit
Page 741 and 742:
712 Shopping Center Technology pose
Page 743 and 744:
714 Shopping Center Factory outlets
Page 745 and 746:
716 SimCity occurs at the discretio
Page 747 and 748:
718 Simmel, Georg in January 1885,
Page 749 and 750:
720 Simmel, Georg delivery person,
Page 751 and 752:
722 Simulacra simulacrum lies in it
Page 753 and 754:
724 Singapore trade. In demographic
Page 755 and 756:
726 Situationist City bazaar econom
Page 757 and 758:
728 Skateboarding in other media bo
Page 759 and 760:
730 Skateboarding Media Exposure an
Page 761 and 762:
732 Social Exclusion programs. The
Page 763 and 764:
734 Social Exclusion study the econ
Page 765 and 766:
736 Social Housing Social housing f
Page 767 and 768:
738 Social Movements The subsidy ha
Page 769 and 770:
740 Social Movements creating space
Page 771 and 772:
742 Social Production of Space poli
Page 773 and 774:
744 Social Production of Space accu
Page 775 and 776:
746 Social Production of Space The
Page 777 and 778:
748 Social Space the geographical t
Page 779 and 780:
750 Social Space axes. Le perçu, o
Page 781 and 782:
752 Society of the Spectacle agents
Page 783 and 784:
754 Soja, Edward W. the attacks on
Page 785 and 786:
756 Spaces of Difference Sp a c e S
Page 787 and 788:
758 Spaces of Difference these area
Page 789 and 790:
760 Spaces of Flows people, to new
Page 791 and 792:
762 Sports Stadiums Sp o r t S St a
Page 793 and 794:
764 Sports Stadiums stadiums as anc
Page 795 and 796:
766 Sprawl and economic stability (
Page 797 and 798:
768 Sprawl increased considerably.
Page 799 and 800:
770 Squatter Movements has often be
Page 801 and 802:
772 Stranger approaching a new grou
Page 803 and 804:
774 Streetcars that this silent “
Page 805 and 806:
776 Street Children See also Buses;
Page 807 and 808:
778 Street Children most countries
Page 809 and 810:
780 Suburbanization has been a feat
Page 811 and 812:
782 Suburbanization this, suburbani
Page 813 and 814:
784 Subway Bruegmann has argued, so
Page 815 and 816:
786 Surveillance mobile privatizati
Page 817 and 818:
788 Surveillance and in public spac
Page 819 and 820:
790 Sustainable Development implica
Page 821 and 822:
792 Sustainable Development Institu
Page 823 and 824:
794 Sustainable Development by 2015
Page 825 and 826:
796 Technoburbs The urban historian
Page 827 and 828:
798 Technoburbs Silicon Alley, a ne
Page 829 and 830:
800 Technopoles as well. Management
Page 831 and 832:
802 Tenement therefore, met with re
Page 833 and 834:
804 Tenement rooms at the back had
Page 835 and 836:
806 Themed Environments Theming has
Page 837 and 838:
808 Themed Environments parks in th
Page 839 and 840:
810 Time Geography (the so-called f
Page 841 and 842:
812 Toilets The industrialization,
Page 843 and 844:
814 Tokyo, Japan century. State-led
Page 845 and 846:
816 Tokyo, Japan and video games. T
Page 847 and 848:
818 Tourism Further Readings Fujita
Page 849 and 850:
820 Tourism of Cancun, Las Vegas, a
Page 851 and 852:
822 Transit-Oriented Development Ki
Page 853 and 854:
824 Transit-Oriented Development di
Page 855 and 856:
826 Transportation Growth in automo
Page 857 and 858:
828 Transportation Planning that tr
Page 859 and 860:
830 Transportation Planning realiza
Page 861 and 862:
832 Transportation Planning schemes
Page 863 and 864:
834 Uneven Development few while im
Page 865 and 866:
836 Urban dynamic and contradictory
Page 867 and 868:
838 Urban Agglomeration Lewis Mumfo
Page 869 and 870:
840 Urban Anthropology designed to
Page 871 and 872:
842 Urban Anthropology sweeping psy
Page 873 and 874:
844 Urban Anthropology involvement
Page 875 and 876:
846 Urban Archaeology Nation Buildi
Page 877 and 878:
848 Urban Climate Urban archaeology
Page 879 and 880:
850 Urban Climate (three-dimensiona
Page 881 and 882:
852 Urban Climate Table 2 Factors T
Page 883 and 884:
854 Urban Crisis Ur b a n crisis Th
Page 885 and 886:
856 Urban Culture Seligman, Amanda
Page 887 and 888:
858 Urban Culture Attention has als
Page 889 and 890:
860 Urban Design weakness for the c
Page 891 and 892:
862 Urban Ecology (Chicago School)
Page 893 and 894:
864 Urban Ecology (Chicago School)
Page 895 and 896:
866 Urban Economics density of the
Page 897 and 898:
868 Urban Entertainment Destination
Page 899 and 900:
870 Urban Entertainment Destination
Page 901 and 902:
872 Urban Geography economies, envi
Page 903 and 904:
874 Urban Geography geography has f
Page 905 and 906:
876 Urban Health significant contri
Page 907 and 908:
878 Urban Health The Built Environm
Page 909 and 910:
880 Urban History See also Sustaina
Page 911 and 912:
882 Urban History conurbation, and
Page 913 and 914:
884 Urbanism and cultural transform
Page 915 and 916:
886 Urbanization transition, or the
Page 917 and 918:
888 Urbanization Table 1 Largest Ci
Page 919 and 920:
890 Urban League Neuwirth, Robert.
Page 921 and 922:
892 Urban Life the Regional Plannin
Page 923 and 924:
894 Urban Morphology systems. A thi
Page 925 and 926:
896 Urban Morphology we must envisa
Page 927 and 928:
898 Urban Morphology connected urba
Page 929 and 930:
900 Urban Novel Shifts in Academic
Page 931 and 932:
902 Urban Novel modernity has both
Page 933 and 934:
904 Urban Planning built environmen
Page 935 and 936:
906 Urban Planning values should be
Page 937 and 938:
908 Urban Policy areas, and it rein
Page 939 and 940:
910 Urban Policy creation of gated
Page 941 and 942:
912 Urban Politics severely constra
Page 943 and 944:
914 Urban Psychology Between 1940 a
Page 945 and 946:
916 Urban Psychology Contrast With
Page 947 and 948:
918 Urban Semiotics culture is an u
Page 949 and 950:
920 Urban Semiotics throughout the
Page 951 and 952:
922 Urban Sociology Benjamin, Walte
Page 953 and 954:
924 Urban Sociology interests and l
Page 955 and 956:
926 Urban Sociology windows” line
Page 957 and 958:
928 Urban Space automobile age. Cit
Page 959 and 960:
930 Urban Studies meanings ascribed
Page 961 and 962:
932 Urban Studies they set up the U
Page 963 and 964:
934 Urban Studies CEDDU (El Centro
Page 965 and 966:
936 Urban System and uncertainties.
Page 967 and 968:
938 Urban System well documented. T
Page 969 and 970:
940 Urban Theory which social actio
Page 971 and 972:
942 Urban Theory embrace very diffe
Page 973 and 974:
944 Urban Village of Italian Americ
Page 975 and 976:
946 Utopia living, from formal plan
Page 977 and 978:
948 Utopia This indicates the need
Page 980 and 981:
Ve n i c e, it a l y Venice provide
Page 982 and 983:
encode specific relations and notio
Page 984 and 985:
legality), throng many main thoroug
Page 986 and 987:
Wa l k i n g Ci t y The relationshi
Page 988 and 989:
and cultural landscapes, practices,
Page 990 and 991:
in the United States. The cause cé
Page 992 and 993:
around efficiency and waste minimiz
Page 994 and 995:
Then from 1981 to 2004, poverty dec
Page 996 and 997:
London, Paris, Randstad (Holland),
Page 998 and 999:
concerns, fill gaps in the scholars
Page 1000 and 1001:
world economy comprised of core, se
Page 1002 and 1003:
Chase-Dunn, Christopher and Thomas
Page 1004:
The Crown’s interest in reforming
Page 1007 and 1008:
978 Zoöpolis as they impact humans
Page 1009 and 1010:
980 Zoöpolis ephemeral nature of s
Page 1011 and 1012:
982 Index Ahwahnee Principles, 2:55
Page 1013 and 1014:
984 Index interwar, 1:48-49 neoclas
Page 1015 and 1016:
986 Index Blist’s Hill Victorian
Page 1017 and 1018:
988 Index primate city, 2:609 Rome,
Page 1019 and 1020:
990 Index Cinema (movie house), 1:1
Page 1021 and 1022:
992 Index Communitarianism, 1:174 C
Page 1023 and 1024:
994 Index multicentered metropolita
Page 1025 and 1026:
996 Index Lösch on, 1:472-474 Mexi
Page 1027 and 1028:
998 Index Farmers Market, Los Angel
Page 1029 and 1030:
1000 Index global rise of, 1:289-29
Page 1031 and 1032:
1002 Index Gorsem, E., 2:664 Gotham
Page 1033 and 1034:
1004 Index Historic Ordinance of 19
Page 1035 and 1036:
1006 Index suburbanization, 2:783 s
Page 1037 and 1038:
1008 Index Jolson, Al, 1:149 Jones,
Page 1039 and 1040:
1010 Index Sert and, 2:692-693 Tsen
Page 1041 and 1042:
1012 Index Maastricht Treaty, 1:58,
Page 1043 and 1044:
1014 Index economy, 1:515-516 envir
Page 1045 and 1046:
1016 Index National Roundtable of t
Page 1047 and 1048:
1018 Index Olympic Games Athens, 1:
Page 1049 and 1050:
1020 Index gender equity planning,
Page 1051 and 1052:
1022 Index Public art, 2:613-618 an
Page 1053 and 1054:
1024 Index Revolution. See also Fre
Page 1055 and 1056:
1026 Index Moscow, 1:519 railroad s
Page 1057 and 1058:
1028 Index gated communities, 1:289
Page 1059 and 1060:
1030 Index Strand, Paul, Manhatta (
Page 1061 and 1062:
1032 Index Time cities and, 1:159 c
Page 1063 and 1064:
1034 Index Uptowns, 1:242 Uqba b. N
Page 1065 and 1066:
1036 Index Urban social movements,
Page 1067 and 1068:
1038 Index Wilson, Elizabeth, 2:958
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