ancient cities

578 Other Global Cities
and refugees, such as work done on nonstatus,
irregular, and sans-papiers movements as well as
grassroots organizing in shantytowns and in relation
to new types of citizen subjectivities such as
“the squatter citizen.” These places are theorized as
spaces that produce new cosmopolitisms, or what
Peter Nyers has called “abject cosmopolitanism,”
and new cultures of globalization where culture
becomes more than a commodity but a mode of
agency. Given this diverse and interdisciplinary
scope of research, clearly, the concept of global cities
has undergone a major revision to reflect on
new spaces of power, politics, and justice—key
issues of our times.
Kim Rygiel
See also Citizenship; Favela; Global City; Globalization;
Lefebvre, Henri; Right to the City; Sassen, Saskia;
Social Exclusion; Squatter Movements
Further Readings
Agamben, Giorgio. 1995. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power
and Bare Life. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Derrida, Jacques. 2001. On Cosmopolitanism and
Forgiveness. Translated by M. Dooley and M. Hughes.
London: Routledge.
Drieksens, Barbara, Franck Mermier, and Heiko
Wimmen., eds. 2007. Cities of the South: Citizenship
and Exclusion in the 21st Century. Beirut, Lebanon:
Saqi Books.
Humane Borders. 2007. “Migrants Deaths, Rescue
Beacons, Water Stations 2000–2007.” Retrieved April
5, 2009 (http://www.humaneborders.org/news/news
4.html).
Isin, Engin F. 2002. Being Political: Genealogies of
Citizenship. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota
Press.
Isin, Engin and Kim Rygiel. 2007. “Of Other Global
Cities: Frontiers, Zones, Camps.” Pp. 177–210 in
Cities of the South: Citizenship and Exclusion in the
21st Century, edited by B. Drieksens, F. Mermier, and
H. Wimmen. Beirut, Lebanon: Saqi Books.
Lefebvre, Henri. 1996. Writings on Cities. Translated by
E. Kofman and E Lebas. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Migreurop. 2005. “Camps Map.” Retrieved April 5,
2009 (http://www.migreurop.org/rubrique266
.html?lang=en).
Nyers, Peter. 2003. “Abject Cosmopolitanism: The
Politics of Protection in the Anti-deportation
Movement.” Third World Quarterly
24(6):1069–93.
Sassen, Saskia. 1991. The Global City: New York,
London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press.