ancient cities

Recommendations

Info

Kracauer, Siegfried. 1995. The Mass Ornament: Weimar Essays. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. ———. 1998. The Salaried Masses: Duty and Distraction in Weimar Germany. London: Verso. ———. 2002. Jacques Offenbach and the Paris of His Time. New York: Zone. Kracauer, Siegfried Reeh, Henrik. 2004. Ornaments of the Metropolis: Siegfried Kracauer and Modern Urban Culture. Cambridge: MIT Press. Ward, Janet. 2001. Weimar Surfaces: Urban Visual Culture in 1920s Germany. Berkeley: University of California Press. 425
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Editorial Board Editor Ray Hutchiso
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Contents List of Entries vii Reader
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viii List of Entries Deindustrializ
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x List of Entries Spaces of Flows S
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xii Reader’s Guide Location Theor
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xiv Reader’s Guide Urban Transpor
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xvi Reader’s Guide Davis, Mike de
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xviii About the Editors Robert A. B
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xx Contributors Mary Ann Caws Gradu
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xxii Contributors Petra Kuppinger M
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xxiv Contributors Harold Takooshian
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xxvi Introduction United States or
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Acknowledgments The development of
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2 Advocacy Planning Steps were inst
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4 Advocacy Planning Table 1 Compari
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6 Affordable Housing Global Advocac
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8 Agora The Latin equivalent of ago
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10 Airports the Acropolis, the cent
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12 Airports powerful. The age of th
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14 Alinsky, Saul change and became
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16 Allegory of Good Government Ambr
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18 Almshouses are also safe to trav
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20 Amsterdam, the Netherlands chang
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22 Amsterdam, the Netherlands distr
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24 Ancient Cities more progressive
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26 Ancient Cities Mesoamerica Like
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28 Annexation In summary, the most
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30 Apartheid the growth of Los Ange
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32 Apartheid number of ethnic “na
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34 Arcade promoted order and contro
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36 Architecture Geist, Johann Fried
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38 Architecture states wanted to al
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40 Architecture important question
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42 Asian Cities many parts of Asia
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44 Athens, Greece way by strengthen
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46 Athens, Greece of myths and proc
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48 Athens, Greece life to archaeolo
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50 Athens, Greece in Attica, that h
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52 Banlieue Ba n l i e u e The banl
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54 Banlieue à loyer modéré). Fre
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56 Barcelona, Spain Las Ramblas—a
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58 Barcelona, Spain the Olympic Gam
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60 Barrio marginalized families wit
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62 Bazaar Hats on display at a baza
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64 Bazaar conventional assumptions
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66 Béguinage Beguinage Amsterdam i
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68 Benjamin, Walter fourteenth cent
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70 Berlin, Germany Writings on Film
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72 Berlin, Germany levels in London
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74 Berry, Brian J. L. 1981, he taug
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76 Bilbao, Spain levels as the city
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78 Bilbao, Spain In Bilbao, the mus
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80 Bohemian well-received stage ada
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82 Brasília, Brazil century, but i
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84 Broadacre City his ideal communi
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86 Bruges, Belgium political, and p
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88 Buenos Aires, Argentina Bruges i
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90 Buenos Aires, Argentina Autónom
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92 Bungalow the colonial bungalow w
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94 Buses Postmodern critics argue t
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96 Buses suburban road systems, and
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98 Cairo, Egypt conquered and settl
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100 Cairo, Egypt City already inclu
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102 Canberra, Australia Singerman,
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104 Capital City keen to divest its
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106 Capital City Table 1 Europe’s
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108 Capital City triumphalist monum
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110 Capitalist City Manchester mean
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112 Caravanserai The attention devo
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114 Castells, Manuel normally inclu
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116 Castells, Manuel viewed the sta
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118 Castells, Manuel Conclusion Acc
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120 Catastrophe system, as commuter
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122 Chicago, Illinois contrast, top
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124 Chicago, Illinois Steel were ki
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126 Chicago School of Urban Sociolo
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128 Chicago School of Urban Sociolo
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130 Childe, V. Gordon been self-sty
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132 Chinatowns Chinatown in London
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134 Chinatowns In many places, the
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136 Christopher Wren, plan for Lond
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138 Cinema (Movie House) films and
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140 Cinematic Urbanism environment
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142 Cinematic Urbanism 2. The essen
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144 Citizenship Table 1 Advantages
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146 Citizenship as a body politic (
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148 City and Film Ci t y a n d fi l
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150 City and Film shock as a decisi
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152 City Beautiful Movement interna
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154 City Beautiful Movement logical
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156 City Club of civic buildings an
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158 City of Memory See also Urban G
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160 City of Memory commemoration, m
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162 City Planning units. Today plan
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164 City Users other while they bot
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166 Colonial City dominated were cl
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168 Colonial City that the form of
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170 Common Interest Development Ros
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172 Community consciousness. Wherea
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174 Community social capital networ
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176 Community Development Co M M u
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178 Community Garden called this pr
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180 Community Organizing power. The
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182 Community Studies Engagement wi
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184 Community Studies A primary aim
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186 Convention Centers outside the
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188 Creative Class has also resulte
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190 Crime Rausch, Stephen and Cynth
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192 Crime increasing reason for the
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194 Cultural Heritage future genera
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196 Cultural Heritage region in Ind
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198 Cyburbia Street Seaport in New
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200 Cyburbia large number of weak n
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Da m a s c u s, sy r i a Capital of
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southwest of the city), and a signi
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characterization of the areas affec
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knowledges of practices elude the g
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36 percent over the same period. Th
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Modern-day Delhi Source: Steven K.
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Depression brought with it new capi
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globalizing capital and demographic
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normally in everyday life. Hence, d
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Imrie, Rob. 1996. Disability and th
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Discotheque and Resort Architecture
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the total number of displacees in t
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(Antifaschistische Schutzmauer). At
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interior was vast. Its 8-meter wall
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policies that would shift costs and
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Downtown Revitalization An attempt
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with producers. Trafficking routes,
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Dorn, N., K. Murji, and N. South. 1
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egard for cultural advancement, tog
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242 Edge City distinguished by a nu
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244 Environmental Justice such as t
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246 Environmental Justice justice,
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248 Environmental Policy air qualit
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250 Environmental Psychology En v i
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252 Environmental Psychology locate
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254 Environmental Psychology healin
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256 Ethnic Enclave civic organizati
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258 Ethnic Entrepreneurship social
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260 Exclusionary Zoning an industri
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262 Exopolis Soja describes decentr
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Fa c t o r i a l Ec o l o g y Facto
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of supply and demand by creating su
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Favelas’ Spatial and Social Featu
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premonition, considered them a majo
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over the city by eliminating povert
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the city projects to the world. Fou
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of authority on the skyline, counte
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Further Readings Dameron, George W.
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statelessness. The 2007 Declaration
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Other things being equal, each firm
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286 Garden City Americans. Gans sho
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288 Garden City Association (in 194
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290 Gated Community A gated communi
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292 Gay Space much more than the ph
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294 Geddes, Patrick Forth Valley re
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296 Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft G
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298 Gendered Space These are upheld
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300 Gendered Space the nature of ge
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302 Gender Equity Planning most pro
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304 General Plan social work, those
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306 Gentrification after World War
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308 Gentrification reasonably self-
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310 Ghetto African American communi
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312 Ghetto Denoting African America
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314 Global City impact of global fo
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316 Globalization globalization has
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318 Globalization Some cities have
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320 Gottdiener, Mark research focus
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322 Gottdiener, Mark 5. Both social
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324 Governance Understanding this s
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326 Graffiti Further Readings Davie
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328 Graffiti writers seeking fame (
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330 Growth Machine among the city s
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332 Growth Machine Urban Fortunes),
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334 Growth Management state governm
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336 Growth Poles Szold, Terry S. an
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Ha l f w a y Ho u s e A halfway hou
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In 2005, Hall won the “Balzan Awa
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and social class segregation follow
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drinking water. Haussmann gave orde
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manuscript was lost in a fire, and
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in his 1989 masterpiece of paleo-ep
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See also Sustainable Development; U
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Heritage City The historic center o
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spaces surrounding it. However, the
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highlife artist Gyedu-Blay Ambolley
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many cities in the world that conce
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ut this condition of serving multip
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A homeless youth on the streets of
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Kusmer, K. 2002. “Down and Out.
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maturity, until the loan is repaid.
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has been a federal priority since t
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above the 14th floor than anywhere
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Hotel, Motel This contemporary hote
Page 404 and 405: Jakle, J. A., K. A. Sculle, and J.
Page 406 and 407: afford housing has been hampered by
Page 408 and 409: the amenities are of a quite differ
Page 410 and 411: y setting frameworks for financial
Page 412 and 413: differences between countries. Furt
Page 414 and 415: Traditional Approaches Associated w
Page 416: See also Chicago School of Urban So
Page 419 and 420: 390 Ideal City imposing the same se
Page 421 and 422: 392 Informational City Nevertheless
Page 423 and 424: 394 Informational City community an
Page 425 and 426: 396 Intellectuals The concept of in
Page 427 and 428: 398 Intellectuals change has occurr
Page 429 and 430: 400 Isard, Walter theory and method
Page 431 and 432: 402 Islamic City takes inspiration
Page 433 and 434: 404 Islamic City Muslim cities. How
Page 435 and 436: 406 Istanbul, Turkey flow of immigr
Page 437 and 438: 408 Istanbul, Turkey the other end
Page 439 and 440: 410 Istanbul, Turkey See also Bazaa
Page 441 and 442: 412 Jacobs, Jane Further Readings J
Page 443 and 444: 414 Jacobs, Jane Settling into the
Page 445 and 446: 416 Journey to Work Throughout her
Page 447 and 448: 418 Journey to Work These results s
Page 449 and 450: 420 Kolkata (Calcutta), India Furth
Page 451 and 452: 422 Kracauer, Siegfried “politica
Page 453: 424 Kracauer, Siegfried operettas a
Page 457 and 458: 428 Lagos, Nigeria complete with th
Page 459 and 460: 430 Landscape Architecture developm
Page 461 and 462: 432 Landscapes of Power draws on en
Page 463 and 464: 434 Land Trusts Last, Zukin discuse
Page 465 and 466: 436 Las Vegas, Nevada place, Las Ve
Page 467 and 468: 438 Las Vegas, Nevada spatially and
Page 469 and 470: 440 Lawn temperatures, the scarcity
Page 471 and 472: 442 Lawn The Lawn as Sociocultural
Page 473 and 474: 444 Le Corbusier Pressure to seek s
Page 475 and 476: 446 Le Corbusier the schools of arc
Page 477 and 478: 448 Lefebvre, Henri of neocapitalis
Page 479 and 480: 450 Lefebvre, Henri A New Role for
Page 481 and 482: 452 Local Government central monarc
Page 483 and 484: 454 Local Government local level to
Page 485 and 486: 456 Location Theory Staat (The Isol
Page 487 and 488: 458 Loft Living hearings. They dema
Page 489 and 490: 460 London, United Kingdom Zukin, S
Page 491 and 492: 462 London, United Kingdom househol
Page 493 and 494: 464 Los Angeles, California likely
Page 495 and 496: 466 Los Angeles, California souther
Page 497 and 498: 468 Los Angeles School of Urban Stu
Page 499 and 500: 470 Los Angeles School of Urban Stu
Page 501 and 502: 472 Lösch, August Chicago School m
Page 503 and 504: 474 Lynch, Kevin incomes—is settl
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476 Lynch, Kevin maps. Some of thes
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478 Lynch, Kevin was supported by t
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Ma n c h e s t e r, Un i t e d Ki n
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discretionary urban funding. The Ce
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Lake and Manila Bay. Its elevation
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with the more complex issue of how
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ole of competition between rival bl
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Aspects of Urban Design in the Midd
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idea of how to create a new town. I
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for congregation of different popul
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At the level of Mediterranean citys
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Table 1 Population in Megalopolitan
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1950-1970: The Rise of the Suburbs
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and the sense that one had lost eff
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metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
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transformation of the political pro
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This is just one illustration of wh
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Emerging metropolitan forms have be
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opulent districts to the south and
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Despite positive aspects of this gr
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See also City Planning; Deindustria
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(with a projected service life of 2
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post-socialist. Their hasty applica
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the Hudson River waterfront for sev
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The newspapers first turned a consi
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More than 30 percent speak a langua
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Mandarin translation services for c
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the city’s population lives in in
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Howard. Cities must reach a critica
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level, the project’s core thesis
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The British Museum in London houses
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Monterey, California, refashioned f
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542 Necropolis The French is in tur
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544 Neighborhood Revitalization Hac
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546 New Regionalism Opposed to this
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548 New Urbanism suburbanites found
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550 New Urbanism In October 1991, J
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552 New Urbanism Duany, Elizabeth M
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554 New Urban Sociology deindustria
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556 New York City, New York On the
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558 New York City, New York reforme
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560 New York City, New York New Yor
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562 Nightlife was that of modernism
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564 Nightlife Vauxhall at first, bu
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566 Night Spaces casually acquainte
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568 Non-Place Realm Yet, the creati
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570 Non-Sexist City work by creatin
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572 Nuclear War planning. Ideally,
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574 Nuclear War changed the demogra
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576 Other Global Cities “third wo
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578 Other Global Cities and refugee
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580 Paris, France And as for the la
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582 Parks city itself. As Paris goe
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584 Parks Industrial cities such as
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586 Patchwork Urbanism Chadwick, G.
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588 Patchwork Urbanism city’s sig
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590 Photography and the City potent
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592 Photography and the City enough
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594 Photography and the City these
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596 Piazza A piazza in Rome Source:
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598 Piazza especially those of Marx
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600 Placemaking interests. Placemak
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602 Placemaking economic enterprise
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604 Planning Theory Table 1 Dimensi
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606 Planning Theory the stronger ar
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608 Political Machine personal touc
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610 Progressive City for a site; ad
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612 Progressive City more responsiv
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614 Public Art Inukshuk sculpture a
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616 Public Art Public art as founta
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618 Public Art independent curators
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620 Public-Private Partnerships lon
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622 Public-Private Partnerships pub
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624 Public Realm finances, is the c
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626 Public Realm portion of public
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Ra c i a l i z a t i o n Racializat
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acialized space occupied by the Afr
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The ornate interior of the Antwerp
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to occur. In part, this might be ac
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and the networks and relationships
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distinctive, well known, and persis
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As well as red-light districts, man
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in both the amount and terms of mor
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ecomes: How are those interests rec
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poor, port wardens, and other servi
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governments are the rule. Metropoli
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to find a rational distribution of
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of criticism over the years. There
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mathematical beauty, based on the h
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put it) “a state within the state
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Re n t th e o R y Land rent refers
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obstacle to the accumulation of cap
Page 692 and 693:
Aix-les-Bains and Aix-en-Provence (
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Pearce, D. 1989. Tourist Developmen
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Smith’s revanchist city thesis ha
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important, focusing critical attent
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capital as an end in itself, but wo
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schools to be built with adjoining
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After surviving the crucible of the
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St. Peter’s Square (Piazza San Pi
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Sa n t a Fe, ne w Me x i c o Santa
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Chris Wilson has noted that early p
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They are longitudinal in nature, wi
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lead to the construction of a Brazi
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Further Readings Bruno, E. 1953. Hi
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often cited as the country’s most
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est preserved ensembles of nineteen
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uilt from this plan, although Sert
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———. 1942. Can Our Cities Sur
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all efforts to contain and steriliz
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clustering abound. Studies of these
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hence helped to maintain the sancti
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thus stressed it is not permissible
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Shanghai has become a cosmopolitan
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Cities such as Suzhou, Wuxi, and Ch
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Sh o p p i n g Shopping is a basic
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iggest, most elegant department sto
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on the existing urban structure. Fi
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however, on the place of origin: th
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opposed to civic or spiritual) phen
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Concept of the Stranger In this sen
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the popular activities and habitual
Page 752 and 753:
approaches that attempt to reinsert
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philosophy to excise urban slums an
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transformation, so that they might
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for the International Skateboard Ch
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frequently in areas of semicontroll
Page 762 and 763:
low income, by addressing the multi
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importance of services, the decline
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authority, which may be central or
Page 768 and 769:
This early concept of urban social
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these “green” and participatory
Page 772 and 773:
A representation of space is constr
Page 774 and 775:
foreign direct investment in real e
Page 776 and 777:
exchange value outstrip use and use
Page 778 and 779:
sciences to develop a concept of
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weakening the class struggle. Simil
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distinguished between a concentrate
Page 784 and 785:
was critiqued as being written by a
Page 786 and 787:
outnumber men in the more “sensit
Page 788 and 789:
place, not out of place. This shows
Page 790 and 791:
in cities are entangled with those
Page 792 and 793:
the number of knowledge workers led
Page 794 and 795:
Sports Stadiums Comerica Park, whic
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awareness that it is happening and
Page 798 and 799:
Stadt Entwerfen. Band 5 Der Schrift
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small groups of the urban poor trav
Page 802 and 803:
whom they do not know personally. W
Page 804 and 805:
“Elevated car falls to street”
Page 806 and 807:
protectors on the street, and they
Page 808 and 809:
at restaurants or riding on buses,
Page 810 and 811:
produced streetcar suburbs in the U
Page 812 and 813:
y women moving out of slums via off
Page 814 and 815:
cooperation between various private
Page 816 and 817:
Defining Surveillance Surveillance
Page 818 and 819:
extreme, in the fractured cities of
Page 820 and 821:
economies are able to benefit diver
Page 822 and 823:
potential and to be more self-relia
Page 824 and 825:
Te c h n o b u r b s The term techn
Page 826 and 827:
technological laboratories and high
Page 828 and 829:
Further Readings Castells, Manuel a
Page 830 and 831:
Castells, Manuel and Peter Hall. 19
Page 832 and 833:
Yard of a tenement at Park Avenue a
Page 834 and 835:
in the early twentieth century, esp
Page 836 and 837:
that owns and operates them (e.g.,
Page 838 and 839:
city visitors are free to wander ab
Page 840 and 841:
dimensions of human geography. Time
Page 842 and 843:
dis-enabled, by a lack of certainty
Page 844 and 845:
printing, electronics, steel and me
Page 846 and 847:
Tokyo’s spatial distribution of i
Page 848 and 849:
human spirit, as opposed to the mea
Page 850 and 851:
they do not leave the tourists’ e
Page 852 and 853:
A last but not least factor, and mo
Page 854 and 855:
Tr a n s p o r T a T i o n Transpor
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immense pressure. Transit ridership
Page 858 and 859:
goals and objectives for the plan.
Page 860 and 861:
to shift the role of government fro
Page 862 and 863:
Un e v e n De v e l o p m e n t The
Page 864 and 865:
Some of these ideas connect with th
Page 866 and 867:
comparisons of “urbanized areas
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urban—more precisely, reported as
Page 870 and 871:
emphasis on “primitive” peoples
Page 872 and 873:
folk-urban continuum, came under sc
Page 874 and 875:
Ur b a n ar c h a e o l o g y Urban
Page 876 and 877:
eligious practices beyond those of
Page 878 and 879:
Urban Climate Figure 1 Scales of Ur
Page 880 and 881:
oundary layer) and in the urban sur
Page 882 and 883:
Roofs may be altered to increase th
Page 884 and 885:
public facilities, but much of the
Page 886 and 887:
urban condition. Wirth, a member of
Page 888 and 889:
which they live and factors such as
Page 890 and 891:
They can handle problems of periphe
Page 892 and 893:
the size of a population and the pa
Page 894 and 895:
the location of demolished building
Page 896 and 897:
incorporates neighborhood choice as
Page 898 and 899:
Urban Entertainment Destination Chi
Page 900 and 901:
economic inequality and social excl
Page 902 and 903:
While geographers treat these model
Page 904 and 905:
geographers in a discussion of the
Page 906 and 907:
in the rapidly urbanizing developin
Page 908 and 909:
Key events that prompted the post-W
Page 910 and 911:
a phenomenon of central importance
Page 912 and 913:
nation to which it belongs. The adv
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where “there exists a condition o
Page 916 and 917:
impact of cities upon human behavio
Page 918 and 919:
century different from the industri
Page 920 and 921:
National Urban League. 1950. 40th A
Page 922 and 923:
the establishment of an assertive a
Page 924 and 925:
especially to the early work of Ott
Page 926 and 927:
cities (cf. intraurban physiognomy)
Page 928 and 929:
Ur b a n no v e l The study of the
Page 930 and 931:
cities have lost much of their circ
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See also Dickens, Charles; Flâneur
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address these problems, the impleme
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well as (or even rather than) the c
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emained provisional, as the new urb
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Ur b a n po l i t i c s The study o
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Historical Perspectives The governa
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causes and effects of this little-u
Page 946 and 947:
overload causes long-term adaptatio
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semiotic analysis can be applied to
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marketing. The postindustrial city
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shared meaning with functional inte
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(and other times less) to do with u
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City, edited by R. E. Park and E. W
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produced have emerged from several
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involving such physical objects as
Page 962 and 963:
programs hoped to raise the stature
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to, their home disciplines. Of cour
Page 966 and 967:
different path from central place t
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systems, and by the available techn
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Marxism urban theorists. Urban poli
Page 972 and 973:
the phenomenon under investigation
Page 974 and 975:
within walking distance, a mix of h
Page 976 and 977:
Bauhaus School issued challenging a
Page 978:
Hall, Peter. 2002. Cities of Tomorr
Page 981 and 982:
952 Venice, Italy The Republic (oft
Page 983 and 984:
954 Venice, Italy prostitutes. Even
Page 985 and 986:
956 Veranda and Normandy, from wher
Page 987 and 988:
958 Walking City bias and neglect o
Page 989 and 990:
960 Waste contaminating those near
Page 991 and 992:
962 Waste account of London Labour
Page 993 and 994:
964 Women and the City the southern
Page 995 and 996:
966 World City planning, as well as
Page 997 and 998:
968 World City capital, and culture
Page 999 and 1000:
970 World-Systems Perspective Walle
Page 1001 and 1002:
972 World-Systems Perspective The W
Page 1003 and 1004:
974 Wren, Sir Christopher between t
Page 1006 and 1007:
Zo ö p o l i s Zoöpolis refers to
Page 1008 and 1009:
inquiry and were increasingly avail
Page 1010 and 1011:
Index Entry titles and their page n
Page 1012 and 1013:
Animals, 2:977-980 Annapolis, Maryl
Page 1014 and 1015:
Baudrillard, Jean, 1:94, 140, 262,
Page 1016 and 1017:
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, 2:592 Bru
Page 1018 and 1019:
Charleston, South Carolina, 1:196 C
Page 1020 and 1021:
City users, 1:163-165 City walls, 1
Page 1022 and 1023:
Counterpublic spheres, 1:328 Crang,
Page 1024 and 1025:
Disease, 2:802, 877. See also Hygie
Page 1026 and 1027:
Environmental racism, 1:244 Environ
Page 1028 and 1029:
Form-based codes, 2:549 Form-Based
Page 1030 and 1031:
Giersch, Herbert, 1:474 Gilbert, D.
Page 1032 and 1033:
Hadrian, 1:47 Hägerstrand, Torsten
Page 1034 and 1035:
Hovorka, Alice, 2:978 Howard, Ebene
Page 1036 and 1037:
Healthy Cities movement, 1:350 mega
Page 1038 and 1039:
Kureishi, Hanif, 1:151, 2:902 Kures
Page 1040 and 1041:
Loma Prieta earthquake (1989), 1:11
Page 1042 and 1043:
Maximilian I, emperor of Mexico, 1:
Page 1044 and 1045:
sex industry, 2:700-703 youth, 2:75
Page 1046 and 1047:
urban villages, 2:944-945 values an
Page 1048 and 1049:
Participatory rural appraisal, 1:17
Page 1050 and 1051:
Postmodernism architecture, 1:40 ci
Page 1052 and 1053:
comprehensive planning, 1:2-3, 4, 2
Page 1054 and 1055:
Saarinen, Eliel, 2:693 Sabah, Majed
Page 1056 and 1057:
Siem Reap, Cambodia, 1:196 Siena, I
Page 1058 and 1059:
Simmel’s social theory of, 2:720-
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Sydney, Australia, 1:308, 309, 527,
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planning, 2:822-824, 826-832 railro
Page 1064 and 1065:
demographic, 2:881 difference, 1:44
Page 1066 and 1067:
Vienna, Austria, 1:196, 354, 397 Vi
Page 1068:
Zeublin, Manuel, The Chicago Ghetto
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