DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010

Table 37–1
Hematopoietic Growth Factors
ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)
• Stimulates proliferation and maturation of committed erythroid progenitors to increase red cell production
STEM CELL FACTOR (SCF, c-kit ligand, Steel factor) and FLT-3 LIGAND (FL)
• Act synergistically with a wide range of other colony-stimulating factors and interleukins to stimulate pluripotent and
committed stem cells
• FL also stimulates both dendritic and NK cells (anti-tumor response)
• SCF also stimulates mast cells and melanocytes
INTERLEUKINS
IL-1, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-11
• Act synergistically with each other and SCF, GM-CSF, G-CSF, and EPO to stimulate BFU-E, CFU-GEMM, CFU-
GM, CFU-E, and CFU-Meg growth
• Numerous immunologic roles, including stimulation of B cell and T cell growth
IL-5
• Controls eosinophil survival and differentiation
IL-6
• IL-6 stimulates human myeloma cells to proliferate
• IL-6 and IL-11 stimulate BFU-Meg to increase platelet production
IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-12
• Stimulate growth and function of T cells, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes
• Co-stimulate B, T, and LAK cells
IL-8 and IL-10
• Numerous immunological activities involving B and T cell functions
• IL-8 acts as a chemotactic factor for basophils and neutrophils
GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY–STIMULATING FACTOR (GM-CSF)
• Acts synergistically with SCF, IL-1, IL-3, and IL-6 to stimulate CFU-GM, and CFU-Meg to increase neutrophil and
monocyte production
• With EPO may promote BFU-E formation
• Enhances migration, phagocytosis, superoxide production, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated toxicity of
neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils
• Prevents alveolar proteinosis
GRANULOCYTE COLONY–STIMULATING FACTOR (G-CSF)
• Stimulates CFU-G to increase neutrophil production
• Enhances phagocytic and cytotoxic activities of neutrophils
MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE COLONY–STIMULATING FACTOR (M-CSF, CSF-1)
• Stimulates CFU-M to increase monocyte precursors
• Activates and enhances function of monocyte/macrophages
MACROPHAGE COLONY–STIMULATING FACTOR (M-CSF)
• Stimulates CFU-M to increase monocyte/macrophage precursors
• Acts in concert with tissues and other growth factors to determine the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of a
range of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system
THROMBOPOIETIN (TPO, Mpl ligand)
• Stimulates the self-renewal and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells
• Stimulates stem cell differentiation into megakaryocyte progenitors
• Selectively stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis to increase platelet production
• Acts synergistically with other growth factors, especially IL-6 and IL-11
ABBREVIATIONS: BFU, burst-forming unit; CFU, colony-forming unit; E, erythrocyte; G, granulocyte; M, macrophage; Meg, megakaryocyte;
NK cells, natural killer cells; LAK cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells.