DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010

2078
INDEX
TOLINASE (tolazamide), 1257t
Toll-like receptors, 63
Tolmetin
adverse effects and side effects of,
986
compared to aspirin, 967t
COX isoform selectivity, 962f
dosage and administration of, 967t
pharmacokinetics of, 967t
pharmacology of, 962f
plasma pharmacokinetics of, 962f
therapeutic uses of, 967t, 986
Tolnaftate, 1588, 1817
Tolterodine, 232t
for overactive bladder, 231–232
pharmacokinetics of, 1893t
structure of, 227f
Tolvaptan, 714, 716t
drug interactions with, 714–717
for heart failure, 800
pharmacokinetics of, 714
Tomoxetine, potencies at human
transporters for monamine
neurotransmitters, 406t
TOPAMAX (topiramate), 1792
Topical anesthesia, 575–576
Topical antifungal agents, 1586–1589
Topical application of drugs, 23
age of patient and, 1806
application frequency for, 1806
barrier function alteration in disease
and, 1806
dosage for, 1806
important considerations in,
1805–1806, 1806t
intralesional, 1806
regional anatomical variation and,
1806
vehicles for, 1806, 1807t
TOPICORT (desoximetasone), 1225t
TOPICORT LP (desoximetasone cream),
1225t
Topiramate, 601
glaucoma caused by, 1792
pharmacokinetics of, 1893t
Topotecan, 1668t–1670t
Topotecan, ABC transporters and, 106t
Torcetrapib, 9
Toremifene, 1756, 1759
pharmacokinetics of, 1893t
structure of, 1759f
therapeutic uses of, 1757t
Torpedo, 255
Torsades de pointes, 820, 825, 830
Torsades de pointes, calcium channel
antagonists and, 764
Torsades de pointes
drug-induced, 821t, 832, 839, 840,
841, 842–843, 844, 845
ECG of, 825f
magnesium for, 842
management of, 824t
Torsades de pointes, second-generation
H 1
-receptor antagonists and,
920
Torsemide, 682–684
as antihypertensive agent, 774t
pharmacology of, 683t
structure of, 683t
therapeutic uses of, for heart failure,
790
Tourette’s syndrome, drug therapy for,
436
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
cyclophosphamide for, 1821
IVIG for, 1827
Toxicity
allergic, 76
descriptive testing of, in animals, 78
drug-drug, 77–78
genotoxic, 76
idiosyncratic, 76–77
pharmacological, 75
in preclinical testing, 6–7
therapeutic, 79–80
transporters and, 91–92
types of, 75–78
Toxicokinetics, pharmacokinetics vs.,
74–78
Toxicology, in risk assessment, 1854
Toxidromes, common, 83t
Toxocara canis, 1444–1445
Toxocariasis, 1444–1445
Toxoplasmosis, 1420–1421
sulfonamides for, 1467
Trabectedin, 1719–1720
Trabecular meshwork, 1774, 1776f
Tracheal muscle, eicosanoids
and, 950
TRACRIUM (atracurium besylate), 264t
TRACTOCILE (atosiban), 1848
Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPS), 13
Trait
autosomal-recessive, 146–147
codominant, 147
measurement of, 151
monogenic, 152f
multigenic, 152f
pharmacogenetic, 151
Tramadol
pharmacokinetics of, 1894t
Tramadol (Cont.):
pharmacology of, 510
side effects of, 510
TRANDATE (labetalol), 1847
Trandolapril, 797
as antihypertensive agent, 774t,
784–785
clinical pharmacology of, 733
structure of, 732f
Tranexamic acid, 867–868
Transcription factors, receptors and,
65–66
Transdermal absorption, 21
of opioids, 518
Transduction, 1378
Transendothelial flux, 96f
Transepithelial flux, 96f
Transferases, 125t
Transformation, 1378
Transforming growth factor β
(TGF-β), 1738
Transmembrane enzymes, 53t
Transmembrane receptors, 53t
Transmission, definition of, 182
Transnasal administration, of opioids,
518
Transplantation, organ. See Organ
transplantation
Transport
active, 94–95, 94f
carried-mediated, 19
kinetics of, 95–96
vectorial, 96–97, 96f
Transporters, 89–116
active transport and, 94–95, 94f
adverse responses and, 91–93, 92f
blood-brain barrier and, 116
brain drug action and, 115–116
channels vs., 93
definition of, 89
as drug targets, 89–91
expression regulation of, 97
facilitated diffusion and, 94, 94f
gated pore mechanism in, 101f
genetic variation in, 108, 154
hepatic, 90f, 108–111
in hepatic uptake, 110–111
in kidneys, 111–115
mechanisms of, 93–95
molecular structures of, 97–99
nuclear receptors and, 97
passive diffusion and, 93–94, 94f
pharmacodynamics and, 89–91,
115–116
in pharmacokinetic pathways, 90f
pharmacokinetics and, 89, 108–115