DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010

Table 53–2
Names, Structural Formulas, Dosage, and Dosage Forms of Selected Cephalosporins and Related Compounds
(Continued)
COMPOUND
DOSAGE FORMS, a ADULT DOSAGE
(TRADE NAMES) R 1
R 2
FOR SEVERE INFECTION, AND
Third generation
Cefdinir
(OMNICEF)
H 2 N S
N
N C
OH
CH
CH 2
O: 300 mg every 12 hours or 600 mg
every 24 hours
= 1.7 hours
t 1
2
t 1
2
Cefditoren pivoxil
(SPECTRACEF)
NH 2 N
CH 2
S
N
O
CH 2
N
S
C
C
O: 400 mg every 12 hours
= 1.6 hours
t 1
2
Cefibuten
(CEDAX)
N
H 2 N
S
O OH
C
C
H
O: 400 mg every 24 hours
= 2.4 hours
t 1
2
Cefixime
H 2 N
S
N
CH CH 2
O: 400 mg/day or 200 mg every 12 hours
= 3.5 hours
t 1
2
O
N
O
OH
Cefotaxime
(CLAFORAN)
H 2 N
N
C
O
S N
CH 2 OC
CH3
I: 2 g every 4-8 hours
= 1.1 hours
t 1
2
OCH 3
Cefpodoxime proxetil d
(VANTIN)
H 2 N
N
S
C
N
OCH 3
O: 200-400 mg every 12 hours
CH 2 OCH 3 t 1
= 2.2 hours
2
Ceftizoxime
(CEFIZOX)
H 2 N
N
S
C
N
OCH 3
H t 1
2
I: 3-4 g every 8 hours
= 1.8 hours
Ceftazidime
(HORTAZ, others)
H 2 N
N
S
C
N
OC(CH 3 ) 2 COOH
I: 2 g every 8 hours
= 1.8 hours
CH 2
t 1
2
Ceftriaxone
(ROCHEPHIN)
H 2 N
N
S
C
N
OCH 3
H 3 C
CH 2 S
N
OH
O
I: 2 g every 12-24 hours
= 8 hours
t 1
2
Fourth generation
Cefepime
(MAXIPIME)
H 2 N
N
S
C
N
OCH 3
H 3 C
CH N +
2
I: 2 g every 8 hours
= 2 hours
t 1
2
a
T, tablet; C, capsule; O, oral suspension; I, injection b Cefoxitin, a cophamycin, has a –OCH 3
group at position 7 of cephem nucleus. c Cefuroxime axctil
is the acetyloxyethyl ester of cefuroxime. d Cefpodoxime proxetil has a –COOCH(CH 3
)OCOOCH(CH 3
) 2
group at position 4 of cephem nucleus.