DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010

dose of systemically administered morphine that would be required
to provide similar analgesia. This reduces the complications that
usually accompany the administration of high doses of systemic
opioids, particularly sedation and constipation. Unfortunately, as
with systemic opioids, tolerance will develop to the analgesic
effects of epidural opioids, but this usually can be managed by
increasing the dose.
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CHAPTER 20
LOCAL ANESTHETICS