22.05.2022 Views

DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

ELECTRONIC PRESCRIBING

The era of e-prescribing has begun. Its implementation

is still expensive, but the subsequent benefits to patients

and savings in personnel costs, along with its integration

with electronic medical records, drug inventory

control, and billing, point to the wide use of e-prescribing

in the future. Computerized prescription ordering eliminates

some of the subjective features of prescribing.

Thus, if the proper information is entered correctly in

the electronic system, medication errors due to illegible

handwriting, incorrect dose, incorrect medication

for medical condition, and drug interactions can be

reduced, because each prescription can be linked to

high-quality drug databases that check that the information

on the prescription is appropriate for the patient

(e.g., age, weight, gender, condition, lab values, disease

being treated, concurrent medications) and that known

warnings and potential problems are brought to the

attention of the physician, pharmacist, and patient. Such

systems must not be used as a substitute for personal

attention to the individual patient by healthcare workers

but, rather, as an adjunct measure that ensures safe,

high-quality, efficient care.

REFERENCES

Bunting BA, Smith BH, Sutherland SE. The Asheville Project:

Clinical and economic outcomes of a community-based

long-term medication therapy management program for

hypertension and dyslipidemia. J Am Pharm Assoc, 2008,

48:23–31.

Chedoe I, Molendijk HA, Dittrich ST, et al. Incidence and nature

of medication errors in neonatal intensive care with strategies

to improve safety: A review of the current literature. Drug Saf,

2007, 30:503–513.

Cohen MR. The Institute of Medicine report, preventing medication

errors: Another good day. Am J Health Syst Pharm,

2007, 64(suppl):S1–S2.

Conroy S, Sweis D, Planner C, et al. Interventions to reduce dosing

errors in children: A systematic review of the literature.

Drug Saf, 2007, 30:1111–1125.

Curtis LH, Ostbye T, Sendersky V, et al. Inappropriate prescribing

for elderly Americans in a large outpatient population.

Arch Intern Med, 2004, 164:1621–1625.

Dijkstra A, Okken V, Niemeijer M, Cleophas T. Determinants of

perceived severity of hypertension and drug-compliance in

hypertensive patients. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug

Targets, 2008, 8:179–184.

Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria

for potentially inappropriate medication use in older

adults: Results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern

Med, 2003, 163:2716–2724.

Findlay SD. Direct-to-consumer promotion of prescription drugs.

Economic implications for patients, payers and providers.

Pharmacoeconomics, 2001, 19:109–119.

Hagstrom B, Mattsson B, Rost IM, Gunnarsson RK. What happened

to the prescriptions? A single, short, standardized telephone

call may increase compliance. Fam Pract, 2004,

21:46–50.

Hobbs RE. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of

heart failure. Am J Ther, 2004, 11:467–472.

Khanfar N, Loudon D, Sircar-Ramsewak F. FDA direct-toconsumer

advertising for prescription drugs: What are consumer

preferences and response tendencies? Health Mark Q,

2007, 24:77–91.

Klein A, Otto G, Kramer I. Impact of a pharmaceutical care program

on liver transplant patients’ compliance with immunosuppressive

medication: A prospective, randomized, controlled

trial using electronic monitoring. Transplantation, 2009, 87:

839–847.

Koczmara C, Jelincic V, Dueck C. Dangerous abbreviations: “U”

can make a difference! Dynamics, 2005, 16:11–15.

Kohn LT. The Institute of Medicine report on medical error:

Overview and implications for pharmacy. Am J Health Syst

Pharm, 2001, 58:63–66.

Kohn LT, Findlay SD, Donaldson MS. To Err Is Human:

Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC, National

Academy Press, 2000.

Kuperman GJ, Teich JM, Gandhi TK, Bates DW. Patient safety

and computerized medication ordering at Brigham and

Women’s Hospital. Jt Comm J Qual Improv, 2001, 27:509–521.

Lesar TS, Briceland L, Stein DS. Factors related to errors in

medication prescribing. JAMA, 1997, 277:312–317.

Lopez R, Goldoftas B. The urban elderly in the United States:

Health status and the environment. Rev Environ Health, 2009,

24:47–57.

Mangino PD. Role of the pharmacist in reducing medication

errors. J Surg Oncol, 2004, 88:189–194.

Michalsen A, Delclos GL, Felknor SA. Compliance with universal

precautions among physicians. J Occup Environ Med,

1997, 39:130–137.

Murray MD, Ritchey ME, Wu J, Tu W. Effect of a pharmacist on

adverse drug events and medication errors in outpatients with

cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med, 2009, 169:757–763.

O’Mahony D, Gallagher PF. Inappropriate prescribing in the

older population: Need for new criteria. Age Ageing, 2008,

37:138–141.

Restrepo RD, Alvarez MT, Wittnebel LD, et al. Medication

adherence issues in patients treated for COPD. Int J Chron

Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2008, 3:371–384.

Sox NC, Woloshin S. How many deaths are due to medical error?

Getting the number right. Eff Clin Pract, 2000, 3:277–283.

Teichman PG, Caffee AE. Prescription writing to maximize

patient safety. Fam Pract Manag, 2002, 9:27–30.

Topol EJ. Failing the public health—Rofecoxib, Merck, and the

FDA. N Engl J Med, 2004, 351:1707–1709.

Tzimenatos L, Bond GR. Severe injury or death in young children

from therapeutic errors: A summary of 238 cases from

the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Clin

Toxicol (Phila), 2009, 47:348–354.

Zyczynski TM, Coyne KS. Hypertension and current issues in

compliance and patient outcomes. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2000,

2:510–514.

1889

APPENDIX I

PRINCIPLES OF PRESCRIPTION ORDER WRITING AND PATIENT COMPLIANCE

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!