DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010

Receptors (Cont.):
affinity and, 44–45
antagonism, 78
desensitization of, 67–68
dimerization, 55
drug interaction with, quantitative
aspects of, 44–48
effector domain of, 51
efficacy and, 44–45
endogenous ligands and, 51
G-protein-coupled, 52–55
inducing metabolism, 140t
ion channels and, 58–60
ionic milieu and, 51
muscarinic, 189
acetylcholine and, 219–222
allosteric binding sites in, 220
in cognition, 223–224
locations of, 219
properties of, 219–220
salivary secretion and, 222
subtypes of, 190–194, 192t–193t,
219–220
natriuretic peptide, 63–64
neurotransmitters and, 184
nicotinic, 189, 255–258
ganglionic neurotransmission and,
269–270
ganglionic stimulating drugs and,
270–272
molecular structure of, 257f
muscle-type, 190, 191t
neuromuscular blocking agents
and, 258–268
neuronal-type, 190, 191t, 256–
258
nicotine and, 270–272
structure of, 255–256
subtypes of, 190
nuclear, 53t
inducing metabolism, 140t
pharmacogenetics and, 162–163
transporter expression and, 97,
98t–99t
“orphan,” 140
pharmacogenetics and, 162–163
physiological, 41–42
cellular pathways activated by,
51–52
functional families of, 52–55
structural families of, 52–55
potency and, 44–45
purinergic, 391t
quantification of agonism and, 46
quantification of antagonism and, 46
regulation of, 67–68
Receptors (Cont.):
response and, 45–46
second messengers and, 55–58
signal amplification and, 52
subtypes of, 53–54
transcription factors and, 65–66
transmembrane, 53t
transporter expression and,
97, 98t–99t
voltage-gated channels and, 59
Recombinant DNA technology, protein
therapeutics and, 4, 5
Recombinant human growth hormone,
1115–1117
Rectal administration of drugs, 21–22
opioids, 518
Redistribution of drugs, 25
Red-man syndrome, 914
Re-entry
anatomically defined, 820–822
functionally defined (leading circle),
822–823, 823f
Refills, in presciption writing,
1881–1882
Regulatory region polymorphism, 155t
Relapsing polychondritis, dapsone for,
1823
Relcovaptan, 715t, 717
RELENZA (zanamivir), 1596t
REMICADE (infliximab), 1827
Remifentanil
absorption, fate, and excretion of,
508
pharmacokinetics of, 1883t
structure of, 504f
therapeutic uses of, 508
Remikiren, 745
Remoxipride, potencies at
neurotransmitter receptors,
427t
Renal anatomy and physiology,
671–677, 672f
and organic acid and organic base
secretion, 676
Renal blood flow, angiotensin II and,
727f
Renal cell carcinoma, 1744
drugs for, 1668t–1670t
metastatic, 1740
Renal clearance, 30
Renal epithelial transport, 675f
ATP-mediated transport in, 674
carrier-mediated (facilitated)
diffusion in, 674
channel-mediated diffusion in, 674
secondary active transport in, 674
Renal epithelial transport (Cont.):
solvent drag in, 674
symport and antiport in, 674
Renal excretion, 26
Renal failure
ACE inhibitors in, 735
chronic, diuretics for, 699
fibric acid agents and, 903
Renal osteodystrophy, 1289, 1290, 1293
Renal transporters, 111–115
RENESE (polythiazide), 688t
Renin, 721–724
pharmacological inhibition of, 724f
release
β-adrenergic receptor pathway,
722, 723f, 724
intrarenal baroreceptor pathway,
722, 723f, 724
long-loop negative feedback
mechanism and, 723f, 724
macula densa pathway, 722, 723f
regulation of, 722, 723f
short-loop negative feedback
mechanism and, 723f, 724
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis,
794f, 797
antagonists, 797
Renin-angiotensin system, 721–730,
927f
and arterial blood pressure
maintenance, 730
components of, 721–727, 722f
effects of, 727–730
functions of, 727–730
history of, 721
inhibitors, 730–736, 731f (See also
Angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors (ACEI))
nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor
antagonists, 736–745
local, 725–726
extrinsic, 725–726
intrinsic, 725–726
response to pharmacological
lowering of blood pressure,
746t, 747
and vascular disease, 730
Renin inhibitors, direct, 730, 731f
absorption, 786
as antihypertensive agents, 774t, 786
effects on renin-angiotensin system,
746t
excretion, 786
for heart failure, 799
hemodynamic effects of, with longterm
administration, 774t
2067
INDEX