DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010

A
attachment
release
1595
budding
B
uncoating
and transfer of
viral DNA to
host nucleus
viral
DNA
transcription
into viral
mRNA
synthesis
of viral
DNA
binding to
cell surface
HEMAGGLUTININ
endocytosis
protein
synthesis
by host cell
ribosome
inhibition of viral DNA polymerase
acyclovir, vidarabine, foscarnet, ganciclovir
zanamivir
oseltamivir
structural
proteins
viral
enzymes
regulatory
proteins
assembly
of virion
release
budding
CHAPTER 58
ANTIVIRAL AGENTS (NONRETROVIRAL)
endosome
H +
M2 protein
HEMAGGLUTININ
fusion
uncoating
M2
amantadine
rimantadine
vRNA
RNA replication
RNAp
cRNA
RNAp
ribavirin
RNAp
vRNA
mRNA
protein
synthesis
intracellular
transport
and assembly
structural
proteins
nonstructural
proteins
Figure 58–1. Replicative cycles of DNA (A) and RNA (B) viruses. The replicative cycles of herpesvirus (A) and influenza (B) are
examples of DNA-encoded and RNA-encoded viruses, respectively. Sites of action of antiviral agents also are shown. Key: mRNA =
messenger RNA; cDNA = complementary DNA; vRNA = viral RNA; DNAp = DNA polymerase; RNAp = RNA polymerase;
cRNA = complementary RNA. The symbol indicates a block to virus growth.
A. Replicative cycles of herpes simplex virus, a DNA virus, and the probable sites of action of antiviral agents. Herpesvirus replication
is a regulated multistep process. After infection, a small number of immediate-early genes are transcribed; these genes encode
proteins that regulate their own synthesis and are responsible for synthesis of early genes involved in genome replication, such as thymidine
kinases, DNA polymerases, etc. After DNA replication, the bulk of the herpesvirus genes (called late genes) are expressed and
encode proteins that either are incorporated into or aid in the assembly of progeny virions.
B. Replicative cycles of influenza, an RNA virus, and the loci for effects of antiviral agents. The mammalian cell shown is an airway
epithelial cell. The M2 protein of influenza virus allows an influx of hydrogen ions into the virion interior, which in turn promotes
dissociation of the RNP (ribonuclear protein) segments and release into the cytoplasm (uncoating). Influenza virus mRNA
synthesis requires a primer cleared from cellular mRNA and used by the viral RNAp complex. The neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir
and oseltamivir specifically inhibit release of progeny virus. Small capitals indicate virus proteins.