DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010

Persistent hyperinsulinemic
hypoglycemia of infancy,
104t
Pesticides, 247–248
P-glycoprotein (PGP), 97, 148
polymorphisms, 159t
PGP. See P-glycoprotein (PGP)
pH
distribution and, 18–19, 23–24
of fetal plasma, 25
pharmacokinetics and, 18–19
Pharmaceutical companies
mistrust of, 11
product liability and, 13
promotion by, 12–13
public policy and, 10–15
user fees paid by, 9
Pharmacodynamics, 41–44
individual, 48–50
in multicellular context, 68–69
population, 48–50
transporters and, 89–91, 115–116
Pharmacodynamic variability, 48–50
Pharmacogenetic phenotypes, 156–163
Pharmacogenetics, 49–50
cancer and, 163
candidate gene vs. genome-wide
approaches in, 152–153
in clinical practice, 164–165
copy number variations in, 147f, 148
definition of, 145
deletions in, 147, 147f, 148
drug development and, 163–164
ethnic diversity and, 150–151
functional studies of, 153–156
genetic testing in, 151–152
genetic variants in, 147–149
genomic basis of, 146–151
haplotype in, 148–149
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in, 152
history of, 145
idiosyncratic reactions and, 76–77
importance of, 145–146
insertions in, 147, 147f, 148
linkage disequilibrium in, 149
linkage equilibrium in, 149
phenotype-driven terminology in,
146–147
polymorphisms in, 147, 147f, 148
causative, 153
cosmopolitan, 150
disease and, 151
ethnic diversity and, 150
functional studies of, 153–156
intergenic, 155t
intronic, 155t
Pharmacogenetics, polymorphisms in
(Cont.):
nonsense, 155t
nonsynonymous, 155t
population specific, 150
regulatory region, 155t
selection, 151
selection of, 151
synonymous, 148, 155t
target, 162–163
receptors and, 162–163
response and, 145–146
study design considerations,
151–165
traits in
autosomal-recessive, 146–147
codominant, 147
measurement of, 151
monogenic, 152f
multigenic, 152f
pharmacogenetics, 151
transporter variations and, 108
twin studies in, 145–146, 146f
Pharmacogenetics and
Pharmacogenomics
Knowledge Base
(PharmGKB), 153t
Pharmacogenomics, 145
Pharmacokinetic data table,
1809t–1890t
Pharmacokinetic pathways,
transporters in, 90f
Pharmacokinetic pharmacogenetic
phenotypes, 156–162
Pharmacokinetics
cell membranes and, 17–19, 18f
clinical, 27–30
nonlinear, 33
toxicokinetics vs., 74–78
transporters and, 89, 108–115
Pharmacological toxicity, 75
Pharmacology, history of, 3–4
PharmGKB. See Pharmacogenetics
and Pharmacogenomics
Knowledge Base
(PharmGKB)
Phase II metabolism, 125, 125t,
131–139
Phase I metabolism, 124–125, 125t,
127–130
Phase I trials, 8t, 9, 79
Phase II trials, 8t, 9, 79
Phase III trials, 8t, 9, 79
Phase IV trials, 8t, 9
Phenacetin, polymorphisms and
response to, 159t
Phenazopyridine, 1475
Phendimetrazine, structure of, 279t
Phenelzine
dose and dosage forms of, 403t
side effects of, 138t, 403t
PHENERGAN (promethazine), 920, 921t
Phenformin
polymorphisms and response to,
159t
transporters and, 91–92
Phenindamine tartrate, 921t, 924
Phenmetrazine, structure of, 279t
Phenobarbital, 593–594
drug interactions with, 845
metabolism of, 128t
pharmacokinetics of, 1873t
structure of, 471t
Phenol-O-methyltransferase (POMT),
138
Phenothiazines, 924
dosage of, 424t
ocular effects of, 1793
side effects of, 424t
Phenotype-driven terminology,
146–147
Phenotypes, pharmacogenetic,
156–163
Phenoxybenzamine, 306f, 309
adrenergic receptors and, 206t
as antihypertensive agent, 774t
Phenprocoumon, 860
structure of, 860f
Phentermine, structure of, 279t
Phentolamine, 306f, 309, 793
adrenergic receptors and, 206t
as antihypertensive agent, 774t
Phenylalkylamines, 761
Phenylbutazone, 990
Phenylephrine, 295
adrenergic receptors and, 206t
antiarrhythmic use of, 824t
structure of, 279t
Phenylethanolamine-Nmethyltransferase
(PNMT),
139
in adrenergic transmission, 196
in catecholamine synthesis, 195t
Phenylethylamine, structure of, 279t
Phenylpropanolamine, structure of,
279t
Phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA),
211
Phenypressin, 709t
Phenytoin, 591–593
drug interactions with, 845
electrophysiological actions of, 829t
2059
INDEX