DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010

Therapeutic Uses. Pyrantel pamoate is an alternative to mebendazole
or albendazole in the treatment of ascariasis and enterobiasis.
High cure rates have been achieved after a single oral dose of 11
mg/kg, to a maximum of 1 g. Pyrantel also is effective against hookworm
infections caused by Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator
americanus, although repeated doses are needed to cure heavy infections
by N. americanus. The drug should be used in combination
with oxantel for mixed infections with T. trichiura. In the case of
pinworm, it is wise to repeat the treatment after an interval of 2
weeks. In the U.S., pyrantel is sold as an over-the-counter pinworm
treatment (PIN-x, others).
Precautions. When given parenterally to experimental animals,
pyrantel can produce complete neuromuscular blockade; only very
large oral doses produce toxic effects. Transient and mild GI symptoms
occasionally are observed in humans, as are headache, dizziness,
rash, and fever. Pyrantel pamoate has not been studied in
pregnant women. Thus its use in pregnant patients and children
<2 years of age is not recommended. Because pyrantel pamoate and
piperazine are mutually antagonistic with respect to their neuromuscular
effects on parasites, they should not be used together.
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CHAPTER 51
CHEMOTHERAPY OF HELMINTH INFECTIONS