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Roar Mikalsen - HUMAN RISING - radiofri..

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At opiumrøykingen ikke var spesielt problematisk for samfunnet styrkes av den<br />

britiske Opium Royal Commissions rapporter fra 1893- 1895. Den utgav da, etter et lengre<br />

forarbeid, tre 1200-siders rapporter om bruken av opium i India som tilsa at det var liten<br />

grunn til bekymring for opiumbrukens konsekvenser for brukeren eller samfunnet. (Dan<br />

Russell, Drug War; Covert Money, Power and Policy (Kalyx 2000), s 128.)<br />

Heroinens popularitet og måten den brukes på i dag, har derfor å gjøre med hvordan<br />

forbudet har formet samfunnet: Det skaper mekanismer som gir langt bedre tilbud på heroin<br />

enn opium (ettersom heroin er langt mer lønnsomt å smugle), og uten forbudet ville langt<br />

flere brukere enn i dag heller spist, røyket, eller sniffet heroinen, enn å skyte den. Vi så<br />

eksempler på det i Vietnam på begynnelsen av 1970-tallet, da mellom 90-95 prosent av de<br />

amerikanske soldatene som brukte opiater der, foretrakk å innta stoffene slik (Edward M.<br />

Brecher med flere, The Consumers Union Report - Licit and Illicit Drugs, kapittel 4). I dag<br />

foretrekker derimot de fleste å skyte heroinen, fordi det gir mer rus for pengene, og det er<br />

derfor urene sprøyter (nok et resultat av forbudet) som utgjør den største helsemessige<br />

trusselen for en heroinist i dag.<br />

For å videre gi et inntrykk av forbudets uheldige konsekvenser for bruken, legger jeg her<br />

med sitater av Jacob Sullum og James Ostrowski som sier mer om saken:<br />

“Without prohibition, (…) a daily heroin habit would be far less burdensome and hazardous.<br />

Heroin itself is is much less likely to kill a user than the reckless combination of heroin with<br />

other depressants, such as alcohol or barbiturates. The federal government’s Drug Abuse<br />

Warning Network counted 4820 mentions of heroin or morphine (which are<br />

indistinguishable in the blood) by medical examiners in 1999. Only 438 of these deaths (9<br />

percent) were listed as directly caused by an overdose of the opiate. Three-quarters of the<br />

deaths were caused by heroin/morphine in combination with other drugs. Provided the user<br />

avoids such mixtures, has access to supply of reliable purity, and follows sanitary injection<br />

procedures, the health risks of long-term opiate consumption are minimal.” (Jacob Sullum,<br />

Saying Yes; In Defence of Drug Use (Tarcher/Penguin Books 2004) s 247.)<br />

“The medical literature indicates that the main causes of acute heroin death are the use of<br />

heroin with alcohol, the presence of quinine and other impurities in the heroin street<br />

mixture, and the unpredictable and unknown potency of blackmarket heroin. Each is largely<br />

the consequence of the blackmarket context of drug use.<br />

Prohibition contributes to alcohol/heroin deaths in several ways. First, since heroin is<br />

illegal, the usual warning labels of over-the-counter drugs are lacking. Second, given a social<br />

philosophy of ‘zero tolerance’ for drug use, no attempt is made to publicly warn heroin users<br />

not to mix alcohol and heroin. Brecher rightly decried this failure in 1972, but 17 years later<br />

there are still no public warnings about mixing the two drugs. One pamphlet put out by New<br />

York State warns against mixing alcohol with a long list of drugs but fails to mention heroin.<br />

417

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