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Translation Universals.pdf - ymerleksi - home

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Untypical frequencies in translated language 97<br />

of the source language not as a negative phenomenon to be avoided but rather<br />

as a neutral, abstract and statistical, potentially universal phenomenon, just as<br />

the concept of translationese has recently become more of a neutral term referring<br />

to features that tend to distinguish translations from original texts. The<br />

hypothesis presented here is still just a hypothesis. It needs to be tested further<br />

on the basis of different kinds of corpora from different perspectives (for<br />

example analysis of contrastive differences between languages and real translation<br />

solutions using parallel corpora), and its universality should also be tested<br />

on the basis of large comparable corpora including different source and target<br />

languages.<br />

References<br />

Baker, Mona (1993). Corpus Linguistics and <strong>Translation</strong> Studies: Implications and<br />

Applications. In M. Baker, G. Francis, & E. Tognini-Bonelli (Eds.), Text and Technology.<br />

In honour of John Sinclair (pp. 233–250). Amsterdam/Philadephia: John Benjamins.<br />

Baker, Mona (1995). Corpora in <strong>Translation</strong> Studies: an Overview and Some Suggestions<br />

for Future Research. Target, 7, 223–243.<br />

Baker, Mona (1996). Corpus-Based <strong>Translation</strong> Studies: the Challenges that Lie Ahead. In<br />

H. Somers (Ed.), Terminology, LSP and <strong>Translation</strong>: Studies in Language Engineering, In<br />

Honour of Juan C. Sager (pp. 175–185). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.<br />

Baker, Mona (1999). The Role of Corpora in Investigating the Linguistic Behaviour of<br />

Professional Translators. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 4(2), 281–298.<br />

Blum-Kulka, Shoshana (1986). Shifts of Cohesion and Coherence in <strong>Translation</strong>. In J. House<br />

& S. Blum-Kulka (Eds.), Interlingual and Intercultural Communication: Discourse<br />

and Cognition in <strong>Translation</strong> and Second Language Acquisition Studies (pp. 17–35).<br />

Tübingen: Gunter Narr.<br />

Chesterman, Andrew (1997). Memes of <strong>Translation</strong>: The Spread of Ideas in <strong>Translation</strong><br />

Theory. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<br />

Chesterman, Andrew (1998). Causes, <strong>Translation</strong>s, Effects. Target, 10(2), 201–230.<br />

The Corpus of Translated Finnish. Compiled at the Savonlinna School of <strong>Translation</strong><br />

Studies, University of Joensuu, 1997–. Availability: Anna Mauranen, School of Modern<br />

Languages and <strong>Translation</strong> Studies in the Faculty of the Humanities of Tampere<br />

University.<br />

Duff, Alan (1981). The Third Language: Recurrent Problems of <strong>Translation</strong> into English.<br />

Oxford: Pergamon Press.<br />

Eskola, Sari (2002). Syntetisoivat rakenteet käännössuomessa. Suomennetun kaunokirjallisuuden<br />

ominaispiirteiden tarkastelua korpusmenetelmillä [Synthesising Structures in<br />

Translated Finnish. A Corpus-based Analysis of the Special Features of Finnish Literary<br />

<strong>Translation</strong>s], [Publications of the University of Joensuu 30]. Joensuu: University of<br />

Joensuu.

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