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180 Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit
Table 1. Verbs of Sufficiency in Original vs. Translated Finnish Sub-corpora
Fiction
Academic
Original Translated Original Translated
(from English)
(from English)
1,000,015 1,147,555 1,116,441 974,906
Frequency per Frequency per Frequency per Frequency per
1000 words 1000 words 1000 words 1000 words
ehtii ‘has enough time’; 0.499 0.324 0.094 0.026
is early/quick enough
jaksaa ‘is strong enough’; 0.277 0.132 0.023 0.017
‘has enough energy’
riittää ‘is enough’ 0.265 0.246 0.202 0.143
uskaltaa ‘has enough courage; 0.234 0.097 0.021 0.029
‘has the nerve to’;
‘is brave enough’;
‘is daring enough’
kelpaa ‘is good enough’ 0.096 0.045 0.032 0.004
mahtuu ‘is small enough’ 0.087 0.038 0.017 0.008
viitsii ‘has enough initiative 0.080 0.096 0.004 0.005
or interest’
kehtaa ‘is bold enough’ 0.069 0.012 0.009 0.001
viihtyy ‘is comfortable 0.064 0.039 0.004 0.008
enough’
malttaa ‘is patient enough’ 0.050 0.020 0.004 0.002
rohkenee ‘is brave enough’; 0.037 0.009 0.005 0.007
‘has enough courage’
joutaa ‘is idle enough’ 0.020 0.007 0.001 0.000
Fiction, in contrast, is largely confined to [tuskin] malttoi odottaa (‘could
[barely]waitto...’). Riittää in Translated Academic is largely confined to the
syntactic construction riittää plus third infinitive, such as riittää osoittamaan,
selittämään, kuvaamaan, korostamaan, perustelelmaan, opettamaan (‘is enough
to show/explain/describe/emphasise/justify/demonstrate’), whereas Original
Academic has a wider range of syntactic constructions.
Table 2 shows that the clitic particle -kin is a frequent phenomenon in
Finnish. In each of the sub-corpora of 950,000 words, the particle has roughly
5000 to 7000 appearances. It is slightly more frequent in Academic than in
Fictional texts, and it is systematically more frequent in Original Finnish than
in Translated Finnish. There are about 7 instances per one thousand words in