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24. ORERO, Pilar and Juan C. SAGER (eds): Translators on Translation. Giovanni Pontiero. 1997. 25. POLLARD, David E. (ed.): Translation and Creation. Readings of Western Literature in Early modern China, 1840–1918. 1998. 26. TROSBORG, Anna (ed.): Text Typology and Translation. 1997. 27. BEYLARD-OZEROFF, Ann, Jana KRÁLOVÁ and Barbara MOSER-MERCER (eds): Translator Strategies and Creativity. Selected Papers from the 9th International Conference on Translation and Interpreting, Prague, September 1995. In honor of Jirí Levi and Anton Popovic. 1998. 28. SETTON, Robin: Simultaneous Interpretation. A cognitive-pragmatic analysis. 1999. 29. WILSS, Wolfram: Translation and Interpreting in the 20th Century. Focus on German. 1999. 30. DOLLERUP, Cay: Tales and Translation. The Grimm Tales from Pan-Germanic narratives to shared international fairytales. 1999. 31. ROBERTS, Roda P., Silvana E. CARR, Diana ABRAHAM and Aideen DUFOUR (eds): The Critical Link 2: Interpreters in the Community. Papers from the Second International Conference on Interpreting in legal, health and social service settings, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 19–23 May 1998. 2000. 32. BEEBY, Allison, Doris ENSINGER and Marisa PRESAS (eds): Investigating Translation. Selected papers from the 4th International Congress on Translation, Barcelona, 1998. 2000. 33. GILE, Daniel, Helle V. DAM, Friedel DUBSLAFF, Bodil MARTINSEN and Anne SCHJOLDAGER (eds): Getting Started in Interpreting Research. 2001. 34. GAMBIER, Yves and Henrik GOTTLIEB (eds): (Multi) Media Translation. Concepts, practices, and research. 2001. 35. SOMERS, Harold (ed.): Computers and Translation. A translator’s guide. 2003. 36. SCHMID, Monika S.: Translating the Elusive. Marked word order and subjectivity in English-German translation. 1999. 37. TIRKKONEN-CONDIT, Sonja and Riitta JÄÄSKELÄINEN (eds): Tapping and Mapping the Processes of Translation and Interpreting. Outlooks on empirical research. 2000. 38. SCHÄFFNER, Christina and Beverly ADAB (eds): Developing Translation Competence. 2000. 39. CHESTERMAN, Andrew, Natividad GALLARDO SAN SALVADOR and Yves GAMBIER (eds): Translation in Context. Selected papers from the EST Congress, Granada 1998. 2000. 40. ENGLUND DIMITROVA, Birgitta and Kenneth HYLTENSTAM (eds): Language Processing and Simultaneous Interpreting. Interdisciplinary perspectives. 2000. 41. NIDA, Eugene A.: Contexts in Translating. 2002. 42. HUNG, Eva (ed.): Teaching Translation and Interpreting 4. Building bridges. 2002 43. GARZONE, Giuliana and Maurizio VIEZZI (eds): Interpreting in the 21st Century. Challenges and opportunities. 2002. 44. SINGERMAN, Robert: Jewish Translation History. A bibliography of bibliographies and studies. 2002. 45. ALVES, Fabio (ed.): Triangulating Translation. Perspectives in process oriented research. 2003. 46. BRUNETTE, Louise, Georges BASTIN, Isabelle HEMLIN and Heather CLARKE (eds): The Critical Link 3. Interpreters in the Community. Selected papers from the Third International Conference on Interpreting in Legal, Health and Social Service Settings, Montréal, Québec, Canada 22–26 May 2001. 2003.
47. SAWYER, David B.: Fundamental Aspects of Interpreter Education. Curriculum and Assessment. n.y.p. 48. MAURANEN, Anna and Pekka KUJAMÄKI (eds): Translation Universals. Do they exist? 2004. 49. PYM, Anthony: The Moving Text. Localization, translation, and distribution. n.y.p. 50. HANSEN, Gyde, Kirsten MALMKJÆR and Daniel GILE (eds.): Claims, Changes and Challenges in Translation Studies. Selected contributions from the EST Congress, Copenhagen 2001. n.y.p. 51. CHAN, Leo Tak-hung: Twentieth Century Chinese Translation Theory. Modes, issues and debates. 2004.
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Translation Universals
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Translation Universals Do they exis
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Table of contents Introduction 1 I.
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Introduction The search for univers
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Introduction 3 the main methodologi
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Introduction 5 tious corpus would w
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Introduction 7 of several frequent
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Introduction 9 For many, the term u
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Introduction 11 Toury, Gideon (1991
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Probabilistic explanations in trans
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Beyond the particular* Andrew Chest
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Beyond the particular 35 6. A trans
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Beyond the particular 37 characteri
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Beyond the particular 39 Contributi
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Beyond the particular 41 A crucial
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Beyond the particular 43 representa
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Beyond the particular 45 or unclear
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Beyond the particular 47 What we ne
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Beyond the particular 49 Schulte, R
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52 Silvia Bernardini and Federico Z
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Corpora, universals and interferenc
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Untypical frequencies in translated
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102 Jarmo Harri Jantunen Mauranen (
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104 Jarmo Harri Jantunen 2.2 Lexica
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106 Jarmo Harri Jantunen eighth day
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108 Jarmo Harri Jantunen second pha
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110 Jarmo Harri Jantunen Figure 2.
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112 Jarmo Harri Jantunen synonymous
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114 Jarmo Harri Jantunen items comp
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116 Jarmo Harri Jantunen Table 4. T
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118 Jarmo Harri Jantunen translatio
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120 Jarmo Harri Jantunen Table 7. T
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122 Jarmo Harri Jantunen However, t
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124 Jarmo Harri Jantunen 13. The bo
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126 Jarmo Harri Jantunen Mauranen,
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Translation-specific lexicogrammar?
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144 Vilma Pápai It is in the last
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146 Vilma Pápai Table 1. Summary o
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148 Vilma Pápai (Sinclair 1991:13-
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150 Vilma Pápai Table 2. Summary o
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152 Vilma Pápai 4.1.2 Shifts on th
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154 Vilma Pápai part of speech and
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156 Vilma Pápai his former prison
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158 Vilma Pápai Table 4. Frequency
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160 Vilma Pápai In addition, consi
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162 Vilma Pápai PA Porter, A. 1997
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164 Vilma Pápai Ishikawa, Luli (19
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166 Tiina Puurtinen (1996) and Bake
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168 Tiina Puurtinen (1) Hän katsoi
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170 Tiina Puurtinen conditional: jo
Page 179 and 180: 172 Tiina Puurtinen Table 2. Occurr
Page 181 and 182: 174 Tiina Puurtinen (5) Lisko voisi
Page 183 and 184: 176 Tiina Puurtinen Mauranen, Anna
Page 185 and 186: 178 Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit equivale
Page 187 and 188: 180 Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit Table 1.
Page 189 and 190: 182 Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit do not t
Page 191 and 192: 184 Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit Östman,
Page 194 and 195: What happens to “unique items”
Page 196 and 197: “Unique items” in learners’ t
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Page 214 and 215: Thefateof“TheFamiliesofMedellín
Page 222 and 223: Author index A Adab 1 Aijmer 131 Al
Page 224: Author index 217 Schäffner 1, 38,
Page 227 and 228: 220 Subject index G generalization
Page 229: In the BENJAMINS TRANSLATION LIBRAR
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