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A Guide to the Russian Academy of Sciences - University of Texas ...

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inhibiting free radical generation. It was shown that mutation<br />

frequency correlates with <strong>the</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oxygen radical<br />

formation when in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> nutritive medium for cultivating plant cells<br />

<strong>the</strong> scavengers <strong>of</strong> free radicals or stimula<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> oxygen radicals<br />

generation were used. Cy<strong>to</strong>logical study <strong>of</strong> plant cells have<br />

demonstrated that <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong> cell growth was 3-5 times higher and<br />

callus cultures were more viable, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> necroses was<br />

reduced up <strong>to</strong> zero when <strong>the</strong> cells grown on <strong>the</strong> media with Fe-ADP,<br />

Fe-citrate, Fedeferroxamine instead <strong>of</strong> Fe-EDTA. Substitution <strong>of</strong> Fe-<br />

EDTA by Fe-ADP, Fe-citrate, Fe-deferoxamine decreased hydroxyl<br />

radical formation in plant cells. The rate <strong>of</strong> plant cell mutations was<br />

dependent on <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> antioxidant system <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cells - in<br />

particular <strong>of</strong> catalase activity and <strong>the</strong> content <strong>of</strong> cell antioxidants -<br />

thiols and ascorbic acid.<br />

Participation in State and International Programs:<br />

New Trends in Genetics, 2 grants (Russia)<br />

MacArtur Foundation, 1 grant (USA)<br />

International Science Foundation, 1 grant<br />

Subjects <strong>of</strong> Scientific Collaboration:<br />

Molecular mechanisms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> deseases involving enchanced oxygen<br />

radical generation. The role <strong>of</strong> free radicals in <strong>the</strong> increased mutation rate in animal<br />

and plant cells. Molecular basis <strong>of</strong> somaclonal variation.<br />

8. Sec<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> Virology.<br />

Staff:<br />

Nina L. Galachar, Ph.D., Head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sec<strong>to</strong>r<br />

Elena G. Ufimtseva<br />

Subjects <strong>of</strong> research:<br />

The problem <strong>of</strong> gene determined resistance <strong>to</strong> retroviruses on <strong>the</strong> model<br />

<strong>of</strong> avian AMV-infection.<br />

Interspecific hybridomas.<br />

General Result 1993-1995:<br />

The resistivity mechanisms <strong>to</strong> retroviral AMV-infection and <strong>the</strong><br />

leucogenesis for high resistive and low resistive lines <strong>of</strong> avians are<br />

investigated.<br />

Participation in State and International Programs:<br />

The state program <strong>of</strong> Russia "The physico-chemical fundamentals <strong>of</strong> biology and<br />

evolution <strong>of</strong> natural systems, problems <strong>of</strong> genetics and selection, physiology <strong>of</strong><br />

plants and biotechnology".<br />

Subjects <strong>of</strong> Scientific Collaboration:<br />

1011

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