A Guide to the Russian Academy of Sciences - University of Texas ...

1960s plasma chemistry--a new field of chemical science--originated in the institute.
New ideas of non equilibrium chemical kinetics were developed, new approaches,
experimental l, and theoretical methods were introduced and the mechanisms of the
physical and chemical processes in non equilibrium and quasi-equilibrium plasmas
were systematically studied. Under the action of low-temperature plasma on the
surface of various polymers, protective, optical and hydrophilic coatings for
materials of medical, biomedical, and membrane technology applications are created
and valuable materials for microelectronics and micro-engineering industries have
been developed. Professors L. S. Polak and D. I. Slovetskii have provided the
leadership in this new field of study and research. Academician Professor
(academician of the General and Technical Chemistry Department of the Russian
Academy of Sciences) B. A. Dolgoplosk, V. A. Iakovlev, D. Chem. S., Professor
V. M. Frolov, and Professor K. K. Makovetskii have headed the widely known
work in the institute in the fields of organo-metallic catalysis, stereo specific
polymerization of dienes and cyclo-olefins, and the chemistry of polyolefins--all
used in application in industrial synthesis of a number of rubbers and polyolefins.
New thermoresistant polyolefins are being synthesized and investigated.
Academician Professor N. A. Plate (academician of the General and Technical
Chemistry Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and L. I. Valuev, D.
Chem. S., Head up the search for scientific approaches for producing polymeric
materials for medicine and, in particular, materials for artificial limbs--polymers
with oriented physiological activity are being investigated. In oxygenotherapy,
original membranes and corresponding installations for air enrichment with oxygen
are developed and successfully used. On the basis of chemistry of macromonomers
of physiologically active compounds, the principles for the creation of hydrogel
polymeric sorbents for organism detoxification, for manufacturing hemocompatible
coatings for implantation are being developed. An original "Ovosorb" sorbent for
curing pancreatitis, asthma, sepsis, and other diseases has been developed.
Hydrogeanti-glaucoma drains have been developed and are produced in the Institute
for surgery. Modified copolymers of maleic anhydride with antiviral, immunostimulating,
and anti-tumoral activity are synthesized and are successfully tested.
Professor D. A. Topchiev and F. A. Gembitskii, D. Chem. S. have lead the
fundamental research in the synthesis of water-soluble polymers and have
developed a number of original cationic polyelectrolytes whose production has been
commercialized in industry. These polyelectrolytes are used for flocculation of
industrial drain waters, in the production of effective detergents, for structuring
soils, and for antiseptation of animals, meals, hospital environments, etc. Professor
A. D. Litmanovich and Academician Plate Head up the institute's work in the field
of macromolecular reactions theory: intra-and intermolecular reactions in polymer
melts, glasses, and polymer mixtures. Work is underway in the creation of
macromolecular catalysts and reagents for organic synthesis. The polymerization
processes of various unsaturated organo-element monomers has been intensively
pursued in the institute for the last 30 years under the direction of Dr. V. S.
Khotimskii, Dr. V. V. Volkov, Dr. V. V. Tepliakov, and Academician Plate. At the
end of the 1960s, a process for the production of a poly (vinyltrimethylsilane)
membrane with high gas permeability and selectivity parameters was developed.
Research and development projects are completed developing membranes from poly
(trimethylsilylpropyne) that have proved to be not only superior for gas separation,
but can be used for pervaporation. Institute laboratories are equipped with
automated plants for membrane manufacture, plasma chemical modification and
measurement of permeability parameters. Investigations in the institute in the field
of liquid crystal (LC) polymers are aimed at the development of unique rigid
chemical structures. Reinforced blends of thermoplastics with LD-polymers
increases the strength of polymeric materials by two or three times producing a new
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