A Guide to the Russian Academy of Sciences - University of Texas ...

of Sciences; these are mainly physical and physicochemical institutes with a wellequipped
experimental base.
The main fundamental problems the institutes deal with are investigating the structure and
transformation of substances in various physicochemical conditions, establishing
ties between the structure and properties of substances, and creating the scientific
basis of new technological processes, materials, and artificial low-dimensional
structures for new technologies. Investigations in modern fields of solid state
physics, chemistry and chemical physics, theoretical and mathematical physics,
mathematics, and biology are conducted in Chernogolovka.
The Scientific Institutions
The largest of all the scientific institutions of the center is the Institute of Chemical
Physics in Chernogolovka, where fundamental problems of chemical physics are
studied: kinetics and mechanisms of chemical and biological processes; processes
of combustion, explosion, and polymerization; and mechanisms of elementary
reactions involving high energy particles.
The second largest institute is the Institute of Solid State Physics, where
investigations in low-temperature and dislocation solid state physics,
superconductivity, electron kinetics, the physics of low-dimensional systems, highpressure
physics, and the physics of materials technology are successfully being
carried out.
The scientific activity of the youngest institute, the Institute of Structural
Macrokinetics, began in 1988 and is developing in the following directions:
general and structural macrokinetics, processes of self-propagating hightemperature
synthesis, applied materials technology, and the creation of
technological processes for obtaining inorganic materials.
The main focus of work at the Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High
Purity Materials is investigation of physical bases for quality control in
semiconducting materials and microelectronic structures, the technology for
preparing micro- and nanostructures, electrical and optical properties of metallic and
semiconducting nanostructures, and the operating principles of X-ray optical
elements.
The Institute of Experimental Mineralogy conducts fundamental investigations into
the processes of ore formation. These studies aim to solve how to find deposits of
useful minerals by studying models that reproduce under laboratory conditions the
processes of matter transfer taking place in open systems under the pressure,
temperature, and chemical compositions found in the crust and mantle.
At the Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, investigations are
conducted in the areas of synthesis, the study of structures, physicochemical
properties, and the mechanisms of action by physiologically active substances of
various classes, including agricultural preparations, enzymes, and proteins.
The work of the Institute for New Chemical Problems is devoted to fundamental
investigations into the chemistry of new materials, solid state ionics, synthesis of
inorganic compounds, and development of the production technology for refractory
metal powders and new materials based on them.
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