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Vol. 1 - Centrul de Studii Strategice de Apărare şi Securitate ...

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IMPORTANŢA PIEŢELOR EMERGENTE ŞI ROLUL PLATFORMELOR<br />

DE EXPORT ALE ROMÂNIEI PENTRU ZONELE NON-UE<br />

Adrian-Marius DOBRE *<br />

Rezumat: In the last years, this world’s paradox has been focused on the discrepancy<br />

between the slippery slope the european countries have entered and the rapid and surprising<br />

economic growth of emerging markets.<br />

Easily can be seen that emerging markets already have an important role in rebalancing the<br />

global economy, or its redirection. The contrast between the spectacular growth of emerging<br />

markets and the <strong>de</strong>bt level of European countries enhanced the perception of a bloc of emerging<br />

states, although reality shows that there are <strong>de</strong>ep fissures, specific to a fierce competition in a<br />

world of interests. Emerging countries are ground by an increasing distrust, primarily towards<br />

Europe, the "sick man" of the global economy, but especially towards themselves.<br />

Moreover, competition also creates opportunities and value, while <strong>de</strong>cline and/or stagnation<br />

in Europe <strong>de</strong>lays reinventing mechanisms, entities, strategies and approaches. Distrust,<br />

opportunism and populism in the European level are increasingly oppressive and put pressure on<br />

the future of the "old continent".<br />

Cuvinte-cheie: pieţe emergente, platformă <strong>de</strong> export, UE, non-UE.<br />

Introducere<br />

Încă i<strong>de</strong>ntificăm o dificultate în a <strong>de</strong>fini <strong>şi</strong> a explicita conceptul <strong>de</strong> economie<br />

emergenta, cu atât mai mult cu cât exemplele îmbracă forme distincte <strong>de</strong> evoluţie <strong>şi</strong><br />

manifestare.<br />

Unele aprecieri <strong>de</strong>zvăluie că economiile emergente sunt economiile aflate în<br />

tranziţie sau acele economii care, prin reforme structurale, părăsesc faza <strong>de</strong> economie<br />

închisă pentru a îmbrăţişa economia <strong>de</strong> piaţă 1 . Totu<strong>şi</strong>, nu putem consi<strong>de</strong>ra aceasta<br />

<strong>de</strong>finiţie ca fiind cea mai exactă, în special când trecem la etapa <strong>de</strong> operaţionalizare a<br />

conceptului <strong>şi</strong> transpunerea lui în realitate.<br />

Mai multe instituţii <strong>şi</strong> publicaţii precum Fondul Monetar Internaţional,<br />

Standard&Poor’s, The Economist, Platforma Media Online Dow Jones, au realizat<br />

liste ale economiilor emergente care cuprind <strong>de</strong> la 150 <strong>de</strong> state la 6, având drept<br />

indicatori o diversitate <strong>de</strong> factori <strong>şi</strong> care <strong>de</strong>curg din interpretările lor asupra<br />

termenului <strong>de</strong> „economie emergentă”.<br />

Cele mai cunoscute „liste”, constituite în grupuri <strong>şi</strong> alianţe ale economiilor<br />

emergente sunt BRICS (Brazilia, Rusia, India, China <strong>şi</strong> Africa <strong>de</strong> Sud), „Următorii<br />

Unsprezece” (Bangla<strong>de</strong>sh, Egipt, Indonezia, Iran, Mexic, Nigeria, Pakistan, Filipine,<br />

Coreea <strong>de</strong> Sud, Turcia <strong>şi</strong> Vietnam) sau „Ţările Generatoare <strong>de</strong> Creştere Globală”<br />

(Bangla<strong>de</strong>sh, China, Egipt, India, Indonezia, Irak, Mongolia, Nigeria, Filipine, Sri<br />

Lanka <strong>şi</strong> Vietnam).<br />

*<br />

Secretar general, Fundaţia Europeană “Titulescu”, adrian-marius.dobre@addo.ro.<br />

1<br />

Philip NICHOLAS, Legal Theory of Emerging Economies, University of Pennsylvania Press,<br />

1999, p. 230.<br />

263

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