åêðáéäåõóçó γ.ν.α.

448
Τυποποίηση αδιευκρίνιστων ομάδων
με μοριακό έλεγχο
Ε Θεοχάρη
SUMMARY
Theochari H. Molecular Typing Of Samples With Serologic Blood Grouping Discrepancies.
Blood group antigens are inherited, polymorphic, structural characteristics located on proteins,
glycoproteins, or glycolipids on the outside surface of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. The
classical method of testing for blood group antigens and antibodies is hemagglutination. However
hemagglutination has certain limitations: it is difficult to type RBCs from a patient who has recently
received a transfusion or those that are coated with IgG and in cases of ABO or RhD discrepancies.
In these cases, among others, we are facing serologic blood grouping discrepancies and the
understanding of the molecular bases associated with many blood group antigens and phenotypes
enables us to consider the identification of blood group antigens and antibodies using molecular
approaches. Single nucleotide polymorphism detection is the most common molecular method for
blood group genotyping, as the majority of the blood groups are the result of point mutations. In
principle two PCR approaches are possible: a) Allele-specific amplification by a primer specific at its
3’end for a polymorphic nucleotide in combination with a consensus primer and b) Amplification of
the region encompassing the SNP by consensus primers. On the other hand, several techniques do
not aim for specific nucleotide polymorphisms but allow screening for aberrations occurring in longer
stretches of a nucleotide sequence: DGGE, heteroduplex analysis and conventional sequencing have
usually been utilized. Significant technical advances have been achieved in the implementation of
high-throughput techniques in molecular genotyping with the use of DNA-array based approaches.
Hemagglutination is the gold standard technique to type RBCs for the presence or absence of blood
group antigens. PCR-based assays, used as an adjunct to hemagglutination, will be a powerful tool
that could radically change approaches used to support patients in their transfusion needs. Nosokomiaka
Chronika, 71, Supplement, 448-453, 2009.
xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxx
Key words: Βlood group antigens, hemagglutination, discrepancies, molecular genotyping, PCR, SNPs.
ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ
Τα αντιγόνα των ομάδων αίματος είναι κληρονομούμενα, πολυμορφικά, δομικά χαρακτηριστικά
τα οποία βρίσκονται σε πρωτεΐνες, γλυκοπρωτεΐνες ή γλυκολιπίδια της εξωτερικής επιφάνειας
της μεμβράνης των ερυθρών αιμοσφαιρίων. Η κλασσική μέθοδος ανίχνευσης τόσο των αντιγόνων
των ομάδων αίματος όσο και των αντισωμάτων έναντι αυτών είναι η αιμοσυγκόληση. Σαν
Βιολόγος, Τμήμα Αιμοδοσίας, Γ.Ν.Α «Ο Ευαγγελισμός»