Identitet i praktik - Identity in Practice

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ger repertoire that signalled the difference of the TRB. Further south, in Denmark and Scania, battle-axes of a different design were produced. In the encounter with people from the Funnel Beaker Culture of Southern Scandinavia, the divergent design of the Swedish-Norwegian battle-axes may have served as a reification of a different kind of Funnel Beaker Culture, of a different identity. In the final part of the thesis the Funnel Beaker Culture in Mälardalen and Bergslagen is compared to other northern border regions of the TRB complex: western Central Sweden, South-eastern Norway (Østlandet), South-western Norway (Vestlandet) and Pomerania and Chelmno in northern Poland. While the archaeological material from each of these areas displays regional traits, to an extent they also share a common repertoire with the reoccurring artefact types: funnel beakers, polygonal battle-axes, four-sided polished working axes, and subsistence practices that to a larger (Poland) or smaller (Vestlandet) degree included agricultural practices. All these regions bordered on lands where groups of people lived that did not share the cultural practices of their TRB neighbours and – at least in Scandinavia – did not practice cultivation nor cattle herding. The Early Neolithic archaeological material found in the area north of the Funnel Beaker Culture in Scandinavia can be classified as Early Neolithic Slate Culture, remains from aceramic hunter-gatherers named after the role slate played in the lithic industry. In north-easternmost Sweden the Slate Culture bordered on the Comb Ware Culture (phase II) with a further distribution eastwards in Finland and neighbouring parts of Russia and Estonia. While the people of the Slate Culture were hunter-gatherers without pottery, the people of the Comb Ware Culture were hunter-gatherers with pottery, and by 292 Fr e d r i k HAllgren this time ceramics had been in use for more than 1000 years by the hunter-gatherers of Finland. The northern local groups of the Funnel Beaker Culture in Poland lived close to the Neman, Zedmar and Narva Cultures of north-eastern Poland, Kaliningrad, Lithuania, Latvia and Belorussia. These groups are normally considered hunter-gatherers in the archaeological literature, but occasional bones from domesticated animals are found at least at Zedmar sites, indicating that some domesticates were adopted or circulated to the north of the Funnel Beaker Culture in the region east of the Baltic Sea. Rather than a border between farmers and hunter-gatherers, the northern limit of the TRB in Poland may be considered a border between groups with different traditions and contrasting cultural practices. In the border zones between such traditions, in encounters with people from different cultural contexts, unconscious knowledge and dispositions were made conscious. The cultural specifics in one’s own way of life were made visible, insights that might have played a role to form an identification with a social context that went beyond the local. In such a process elements like shared subsistence practices, shared craft traditions and shared material culture may have been given meaning in the construction of group identity. The realisation that some people lived by different lifestyles and practised other cultural practices may have contributed to articulate the categories “us” and “them”, identities that can be understood as examples of ethnicity. Because it is dependent on the specific circumstances of the encounter, such an identity is flexible; the same individual may identify differently in different situations. Still it is not a random identification, rather an identification where history, culture and circumstances all contribute to forming a negotiable cultural identity.
Referenslista Abu-Lughod, L. 1991. Writing against Culture. I: Fox, R. (red.). Recapturing Anthropology. Working in the present. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe. s.137-162. Abu-Lughod, L. 1999. Comment on: Brumann, C. Writing for Culture: Why a Successful Concept Should Not be Discarded. Current Anthropology 40, Supplement. s.11-13. af Geijerstam, M. 1996. Stenmaterialet. I: Hallgren, F., Djerw, U., Gamrell, Å., af Geijerstam, M. & Steineke, M. 1996 (arkivrapport). Skogsmossen, en tidigneolitisk bo- och offerplats i norra Mellansverige. Slutundersökningsraport, Raä 633, Fellingsbro sn, Västmanland, Örebro län. Arkeologikonsult AB, Upplands Väsby. Ahlbeck, M. & Isaksson, M. 2007. Särskilda arkeologiska undersökningar längs Riksväg 73. Rapporter från Arkeologikonsult 2007:2037. Arkeologikonsult AB, Upplands Väsby. Ahlström, T. 1988. Barrsjön - En studie av miljö och anpassning under sörmländskt neolitikum. C-uppsats i arkeologi. Stockholms universitet, Stockholm. Alhonen, P. & Väkeväinen, L. 1981. Diatom analytical studies of Early Comb Ware vessels from Åland. Suomen Museo 1980, s.67-77. Almgren, B. 1967. Zur Technik der neolitischen Keramik. Tor 1965/66, s.230-251. Almgren, O. 1906. Uppländska stenåldersboplatser. Fornvännen 1, s.1-19, s.101-118. Almgren, O. 1911. Ett karelskt stenvapen med älghufvud funnet i Uppland. Fornvännen 6. s.152-164. Almgren, O. 1912. Några svensk-finska stenåldersproblem, ett orienteringsförsök. Antikvarisk Tidskrift 20 (1), s.1-78. Almquist-Jacobson, H. 1994. Interaction of the Holocene climate, water balance, vegetation, fire, and cultural land-use in the Swedish borderland. Lund University, Lund. Alsaker, S. 1987. Bømlo, steinalderens råstoffsentrum på Sørvestlandet. Historisk museum, Bergen. Ambrose, S. H. 1998. Prospects for stable isotopic analysis of later Pleistocene hominid diets in West Asia and Europe. I: Akuzawa, T., Aoiki, K. & Bar-Yosef, C. (red.). Neanderthal and Modern Humans in Western Asia. Plenum Press, London. s.277-289. Ambrose, S. H. & Krigbaum, J. 2003. Bone chemistry and bioarchaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 22:3, s.193-199. Ambrose, S. H. & Norr, L. 1993. Experimental evidence for the relationship of the carbon isotope ratios of whole diet and dietary protein to those of bone collagen and carbonate. I: Lambert, J. B. & Grupe, G. (red.). Prehistoric Human Bone. Archaeology at the Molecular Level. Springer-Verlag, New York. s.1-37. Ambrose, S. H., Butler, B. M., Hanson, D. B., Hunter-Anderson R. L. & Krueger, H. W. 1997. Stable isotopic analysis of human diet in the Marianas Archipelago, Western Pacific. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 104:3, s.343-361. Amundsen, Ø. M. 2000. Neolitikum i Agder og Telemark. En komparativ analyse av keramikk og flintøkser. Hovedfagsoppgave i arkeologi, Oslo. Amundsen, Ø. M, Knutsen, S., Mjærum, A., & Reitan, G. 2006. Nøkleby i Ski, Akershus - en tidligneolittisk jordbruksboplass? Primitive Tider 9, s.85-96. Andersen, N. H. 1997. Sarup vol. 1. The Sarup enclosures. The Funnel Beaker Culture of the Sarup site including two causewayed camps compared to the contemporary settlements in the area and other European enclosures. Jutland Archaeological Society Publications XXXIII:1, Aarhus. Andersen, N. H. 1999a. Sarup vol. 2. Saruppladsen. Jutland Archaeological Society Publications XXXIII: 2. Aarhus. Andersen, N. H. 1999b. Sarup vol. 3. Saruppladsen. Jutland Archaeological Society Publications XXXIII: 3. Aarhus Andersen, N. H. 2000: Kult og ritualer i den ældre bondestenalder. Kuml 2000, s.13-58. 293
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Identitet i praktik Lokala, regiona
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“A m i c u lt u r A y A l m ov i
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8 En annorlunda trattbägarkeramik?
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miljödeterminister var lika välko
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10 Myggor svärmar kring vår bil p
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1 Inledning ”Lost the culture, th
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Att man i enlighet med Sandra Hardi
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2 Kultur, praktik och identitet I i
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att hans starka ställningstagande
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exemplifierar bland annat med Ralph
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...those elements of culture which
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more than a mere biological given.
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emergence of tribe as a primary fun
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tur, så leder förändringar till
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lärande inom ramen för det social
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discipliner - Linton var kulturantr
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that constitute our community. Our
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Social interaction between agents o
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Så som diskuterades i kapitel 2.7
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practice som ingår i en konstellat
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44 They liked to see lands; timidit
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sten för tillverkning av stridsklu
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kapitel 2.8 snuddade jag vid ett an
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50 ...the chant-owner name places f
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Figur 3.4. 14C-dateringar av skidor
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54 Figur 3.6. Neolitiskt träförem
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4 Den äldsta keramiken runt Öster
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Figur 4.2. Åland under stenåldern
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4 de n ä l d s t A k e r A m i k e
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soderna med markant inflöde av sal
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I Estland, Lettland, Litauen och de
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41 kan hänföras till äldre bandk
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Figur 4.15. Jämförelse mellan ert
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5 Mälardalen och Bergslagens tidig
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5 mä l A r dA l e n o c H Be r g s
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Figur 5.3. Trattbägarlokaler i nor
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i en framtida publikation som redog
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94 Figur 6.1. Jordartskartor från
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Figur 6.3. Lerklining med avtryck a
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Figur 6.5. Spridningen av malstensu
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mer jag att utförligt beskriva sp
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Figur 6.8. Gravanläggningar på tr
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Figur 6.13. Trattbägare som påtr
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gaste gruppen av tidigneolitiska ku
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Figur 6.16. Fynd från den timmerby
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med ramverk av sten, till exempel d
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uppfattas som boplatsaktiviteter sp
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7 Näringsekonomi som kulturell pra
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7 nä r i n g s e k o n o m i s o m
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ett något grövre gods och sparsam
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Figur 8.3. Trattbägare från Hjulb
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möjligt, fortsatt datera dekorerad
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Figur 8.5. Direkt daterade krukskä
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Figur 8.10. Direkt daterade dekorer
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8 en A n n o r l u n dA t r At t B
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Figur 8.21. Kärlprofiler av trattb
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Figur 8.25. Snördekorerad mynnings
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På Kallmossen (figur 8.24b, c) och
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mer fragmentariska trattbägare som
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Vrå I kärl i dagsläget inte är
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hopning, som vid sidan av nämnda k
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8.5 Vem offrade i kärret? Keramike
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skärv-/slipnummer. Hantverket I li
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Figur 8.39. Tunnslip av trattbägar
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tidig bondestenålder. Något, som
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Figur 8.45. Schematisk presentation
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Figur 8.46. Modell av en hypotetisk
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som en praktisk, funktionell prepar
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från rutgrävning/sållning med, v
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Bland trattbägarna från Skogsmoss
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snördekor eller rader av enkla int
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Stabiliteten och kontinuiteten i ut
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9 Lokala, regionala och importerade
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9 lo k A l A, r e g i o n A l A o c
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Figur 9.16. Mångkantig stridsyxa a
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Page 241 and 242: 10 Överregionala sociala sammanhan
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Page 322 and 323: Trigger, B. G. 1969. The Huron, far
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