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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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MW de capacidad cada uno, podria ser significativo.<br />

La raz6n es que 10s impactos de estos 500 sitios<br />

tienden a acumularse con otras condiciones ex-<br />

istentes para formar un impact0 mayor que la Puma<br />

de sus partes. Estos impactos cumuiativos tambien<br />

son conocidos <strong>com</strong>a impactos incrementarios, o<br />

p&dida por atrici6n.<br />

El problema es ampliamente reconocido, pero no<br />

hay reglas aceptadas para resolverlo. La reaccidn de1<br />

analista mars a menudo ser6 simplemente sefialar<br />

especificamente las alteraciones que se agregarkn a<br />

las alteraciones conocidas acumuladas en el pasado.<br />

Vsualmente, quien es responsable por el proyecto no<br />

tiene mejores reglas basicas que las de1 asesor para<br />

decidir “cuanto es demasiado” para un sistema<br />

ecol6gic0, y no suministrarg informaci6n al respecto.<br />

No ofrecemos unit soluci6n aqui Forque limites de 10s<br />

impactos cumulativos es m&s una cuesti6n de norma<br />

que de naturaleza tknica. En eonsecuencia, se<br />

espera que el analista pasara el problema para su<br />

rewluci6n a menos que las normas en tales asuntos<br />

hayan sido decididas con antelaci6n para el Brea y<br />

tipo de actividad en cuesticin.<br />

La capacidad de 10s ambientes natural y human0<br />

para a<strong>com</strong>odw y absorber cambios sin experimentar<br />

condiciones de inestabilidad y ia degradacidn<br />

ocasionada en consecuencia es unit preocupaci6n<br />

significativa en vista de la; tendencias actuales de!<br />

crecimiento y desarrollo urban0 y rural. La capacidad<br />

dei amhiente para sostener niveles particuiares de ac-<br />

tividad puede haber excedidc ya en algunas Breas, y<br />

en otras, las opciones para la administr?Gn de<br />

recursos estin siendo rapidamentr, agatadas.<br />

Impactor; Fositivos<br />

La hidroelectricidad en pequefia escala es considerada<br />

<strong>com</strong>a tecnol’.@a ambientalmente limpia<br />

<strong>com</strong>parada con las tecndogias no renovables.<br />

Tiene las ventajas de la hidroelectricidad a gran<br />

escaia, es decir, que utiliza cna fuente renovable, no<br />

~oSylhii~t+J~ ., I .Ub.LYl..,.I y genera energia sin residuos en el pro-<br />

ceso. Se le hact: la propaganda de que es una tec-<br />

nologia apropiada para 10s que &an envueltos en<br />

deaarrollo pequefio con relativamente $ajo capitai y<br />

costo mantenimiento. Requiere muy cort.;+.s distancias<br />

de transmis%n, tiene capacidad decentralizada y<br />

Fotencial de innovack en su ingeniesia. La<br />

ventaja ambiental principal de la hidroelectricidad en<br />

pequefia escala es el tamtio relativamente reducido<br />

de ia faciiidad y ia relativamente peqtiefia escala de<br />

10s impactos relacionados con ella ‘ales <strong>com</strong>a la con-<br />

strucci6n y operacibn, particularmente para 10s<br />

95<br />

<strong>com</strong>puter to make predictions using one equa-<br />

tion or a syster;: of equations. Mathematical<br />

models simulate water quality, hydraulics,<br />

sedimentation, ecosystems and so on. Having<br />

both accurate, tested models available and<br />

ample data for mods1 use, useful results may be<br />

obtained.<br />

If models must first be constructed, they are<br />

seldorn any better than the data that went into<br />

developing the moc;el. Zcr?sequsntly, a rather<br />

extensitie etfort mus: 7.” put forth collecting data<br />

through field trips and lab experiments to<br />

develop the system equations and accurate fac-<br />

tors. Additional time must then be spent verifying<br />

the model. This can be an expensive and time<br />

consuming process. Care must also be exercised<br />

with the model if a) it has not been tested,<br />

verified and has a good use record; b) there is n3<br />

certainty whether or not the use of a model is the<br />

correct approach; or c) it is not clear that the<br />

model to be used is the appropriate one f:r the<br />

purpose.<br />

Field Survey<br />

T!!e technique is a <strong>com</strong>monly :rsed one. The<br />

extent of the survey is the variabie. Surveys<br />

range from a quick overview of the particular site<br />

in a matter of hours to an irldepth data collection<br />

and monitoring of the living and non-living<br />

environment for a pe:iod of .weeks, months or<br />

even years. Field w@rk, ideally, should be sup-<br />

plemented with maps and historical information<br />

on climate, water resources, biota, soils, etc.<br />

Equipment needs may range from off-road<br />

vehicles to aircraft to boats to analytical<br />

instruments for field and laborstory use. Gen-<br />

erally d field survey involves a team of experts<br />

from various disciplines, although some are done<br />

by an engineer or a biologist, each of whom may<br />

be familiar with many of the disciplines involved,<br />

as well as his/her own specialty.<br />

Description<br />

This technique involves, ideally, a multi-<br />

discipline approach in which impacts are not<br />

quantified unless based on a revieinr of existing<br />

litet,ature, but rather are described in narrative<br />

fashion. The thrust of this approach is based on<br />

a mix of the author(s) own knowledge and a<br />

review of existing literaWe.<br />

Deiphi<br />

This techique may be used when time is very<br />

short and existent information on the site(s) is

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