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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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Determinacih de la Carga<br />

Naturaleza de la Demanda<br />

Los analistas de1 mercado diferencian entre la<br />

demanda existente, la demanda divergente y la<br />

demanda generada. La demanda de energia no es<br />

siempre evidente de inmediato porque 10s sistemas<br />

micro hidroelectricos por lo general introducen la<br />

energfa electrica por primera vez. La identification<br />

de las necesidades de energia enfocara la dimension<br />

de la demanda divergente y de la generada. Tambien<br />

se las puede categorizar <strong>com</strong>a energia substitida o<br />

ener@a promotora. La primera substituye la energfa<br />

electrica por fuentes de energia existentes tales <strong>com</strong>a<br />

la manual, diesel, animal, etc. La segunda promueve<br />

nuevos usos mediante la introduceion de una fuente<br />

de energia versatil.<br />

Introduccih de la Energia HidrBulica<br />

Es obvio que para determinar la carga potential se<br />

debe efectuar un detallado estudio econbmico-social,<br />

el cual debe cubrir una serie de villas y ciudades, y<br />

determinar el numero y densidad de la poblacion, 10s<br />

uses, fuentes y costo de la energia existente, y el<br />

nivel de ingreso de las <strong>com</strong>unidades (capacidad para<br />

pagar). Cuando la reaction original de la <strong>com</strong>-<br />

unidades individuales a la introduction de fuentes<br />

micro-hidroelectricas de energia es incierta, esta<br />

information basica es de mucho valor. Ayudarfa al<br />

asesoramiento de1 impact0 sobre las <strong>com</strong>unidades.<br />

Normalmente hay dos pasos en un programa hidro-<br />

electric0 initial. Se usan instalaciones pilot0 para<br />

asesorar patrones de carga y desarrollo, costo de1<br />

capital instalado, y costo de funcionamiento ademas<br />

de1 herraje de prueba. Se puede disenar el sistema<br />

optima para la integracibn de1 abastecimiento de la<br />

energia con las consideraciones de uso final. A<br />

medida que se identifican o confirman 10s usos mas<br />

adecuados de la energia. La nueva demanda o<br />

demanda generada de energfa puede tomar algunos<br />

aiios para materializarse.<br />

Patrh de la Carga<br />

La experiencia en la India demostro que muchos de<br />

10s sistemas hidroelectricos autonomos instalados<br />

hasta hate <strong>com</strong>a veinte arias at& teniendo en mente<br />

las consideraciones tknicas solamente han dejado de<br />

atraer usos finales adecuados. En consecuencia, 10s<br />

patrones de la carga fueron marcados por cargas<br />

muy elevadas (a menudo sobrecargas) durante las<br />

primeras horas de la noche debido a la iluminacion<br />

domestica, seguida por unit base minima hasta tar-de<br />

en las marianas cuando <strong>com</strong>enzaban 10s trabajos<br />

60<br />

Load Determination<br />

Nature of Demand<br />

Market analysts differentiate between existing<br />

demand, diverted demand and generated<br />

demand. The demand for power is not always<br />

immediately evident because micro hydro electric<br />

systems generally bring electrical power for the<br />

first time. Identification of energy needs will high-<br />

light the scope for diverted and generated<br />

demand. These can also be categorized as sub-<br />

stituted power or promotive power. The first sub-<br />

stitutes electrical power for existing power<br />

sources (such as manual, diesel, animal. etc.).<br />

The second promotes new usage by introducing<br />

a versatile power source.<br />

Introducing Hydra Power<br />

Clearly, to determine load potential, a detailed<br />

socioeconomic survey of a region should be<br />

undertaken. This should cover a number of repre-<br />

sentative towns or villages and will determine<br />

population size and density, existing energy uses<br />

and sources and their costs, and the <strong>com</strong>-<br />

munities’ in<strong>com</strong>e level (ability to pay).<br />

In a situation where reaction of individual <strong>com</strong>-<br />

munities to introduction of microhydro energy<br />

sources is uncertain, this basic information<br />

would be invaluable. It would help to assess the<br />

likely impact on <strong>com</strong>munities.<br />

There are normally two stages of an initial<br />

hydroelectric programme. Pilot installations are<br />

used to assess load patterns and growth,<br />

installed capital costs, and running costs in addi-<br />

tion to testing hardware. Integration of power<br />

supplies with end use considerations may be<br />

optimized as the most appropriate uses of power<br />

are confirmed or identified. The new or generated<br />

demand for power may well take some years to<br />

materialize.<br />

Load Pattern<br />

It was found in India that many existing<br />

autonomous hydel (hydroelectric) systems<br />

installed up to twenty years ago, with technical<br />

considerations alone in mind, had failed to<br />

attract suitable end uses. Load patterns therefore<br />

were marked b!/ high peak loads (often overloads)<br />

in zarly evening for domestic lighting followed by<br />

a negligible base load until late morning when<br />

intermittent workshop loads rose. A typical daily<br />

load pattern in India in the Hills area of Uttar<br />

Pradesh was:

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