Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
especialmente de acuerdo a la caracten’stica de1<br />
equip0 de 10s diferentes manufactureros que se han<br />
especializado en la fabrication de estos grupos, <strong>com</strong>a<br />
Gilbert Gilkes y Gordon Ltd., (Inglaterra), Ossberger<br />
(Alemania), Leroy Somer (Francis), Allis Chalmers<br />
(USA), debiendo advert&e que cada tipo de fabrica-<br />
cidn requiere de una obra civil tipica, anotandose<br />
principalmente una diferencia de costos considerable<br />
en el equipo, cuando se tratan de grupos alojados en<br />
casas de fuerza o al aire libre; obviamente grupos de<br />
baja caida requieren cortas tubetias de presidn en<br />
relation a grupos de altas caidas. Como datos infcr-<br />
mativos obtenidos de cotizaciones de equip0 y obras<br />
civiles estimadas podemos citar 10s siguientes<br />
ejemplos: (cifras de fines de 1979).<br />
Grupo conventional de baja caida 48 kW (6 m,<br />
1200 ltslseg)<br />
costo de1 equipo: US$98.000<br />
costo de la obra civil: US$12.20G<br />
Grupo bulbo 36 kW (5.5 m. 1.100 ltslseg)<br />
costo de1 equipo: US$37.200<br />
costo de la obra civil: US$11.130<br />
Grupo conventional de alta caida 32 kW, (100 m.<br />
50 ltslseg)<br />
cost0 de1 equipo: US$98.640<br />
Los costos no incluyen tuber% de presion. En vista<br />
de la poca experiencia en la instalacibn de estos<br />
grupos en el Ecuador, 10s costos de1 equip0 y de la<br />
obra civil seran objet0 de un estudio y muy in-<br />
teresante, que desde luego debe ser tornado en cuen-<br />
ta antes de emprender el programa de promotion y<br />
construction de mini-centrales. Hay que anotar sin<br />
embargo, que ahorros en 10s estudios, diseno de 10s<br />
mismos podrian estar a la vista, asi <strong>com</strong>a la ventaja<br />
innegable de1 corto period0 de construction.<br />
El Marco Institutional<br />
Volviendo nuevamente a la historia (decada -<br />
1950-1960), observamos que la solution local para el<br />
abastecimiento de energia por pequenas centrales<br />
hidroelectricas de aquellos municipios, cantones, etc.,<br />
pas6 a constituir responsabilidad national por medio<br />
de INECEL y de las empresas Electricas por el con-<br />
formadas. Esto significo una centralizacijn total o<br />
localizada de la generation y <strong>com</strong>ercializacibn de la<br />
energia.<br />
Esta centralization se facilita cuando el nlimero de<br />
unidades de generation es manejable, pero que in-<br />
volucra desde este punto de vista un programa de<br />
mini-cent&es o centrales de pequena capacidad?<br />
Esto induce de nuevo a una decentralization de la<br />
283<br />
of a simple intake, a canal, a standard pressure<br />
tank, a penstock and powerhouse or a small load<br />
reservoir for bulb-type turbines. The costs of the<br />
equipment and civil works vary, particularly in ac-<br />
cordance with the characteristics of the equip-<br />
ment sold by the various manufacturers specializ-<br />
ing in the manufacture of these groups, such as<br />
Gilbert Gilkes and Gordon Ltd. (England),<br />
Ossberger (Germany), Leroy-Somer (France), Allis<br />
Chalmers (USA). It should be pointed out that<br />
each type of equipment manufacture requires a<br />
typical civil work and that large differences in the<br />
cost of the equipment depend primarily upon<br />
whether the groups are installed in powerhouses<br />
or out of doors. Obviously, low head groups re-<br />
quire short penstocks when <strong>com</strong>pared with high<br />
head groups. As informative data obtained from<br />
equipment quotations and estimated civil works<br />
costs, we may give the following examples<br />
(figures corresponding to the end of 1979).<br />
Standard low head group - 48 kW (6m, 1200<br />
Its per second)<br />
Equipment cost: US$98,000<br />
Civil works cost: US$12,200<br />
Bulb Group - 36 kW (5.5m 1,100 Its per se-<br />
cond)<br />
Equipment cost: US$37,200<br />
Civil works cost: US$11,130<br />
Standard high head group - 32 kW (loom, 50<br />
Its per second)<br />
Equipment cost: US$98,640.<br />
These costs do not include the penstock. In<br />
view of the limited experience in installing these<br />
groups in Ecuador, the costs of the equipment<br />
and civil works should be the subject of a very in-<br />
teresting study. Of course, these should be taken<br />
into consideration before undertaking a mini-<br />
power plant promotion and construction program.<br />
Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that there<br />
are potential savings in the studies and design of<br />
mini-powerplants, as well as the undeniable ad-<br />
vantage of the shorter period of construction.<br />
Institutional Framework<br />
Returning again to the past (1950-1960 decade),<br />
we see that the local solution for energy supply<br />
through small hydroelectric plants in the<br />
municipalities, counties, etc., became a national<br />
responsibility entrusted to INECEL and the elec-<br />
tric power enterprises which it created. This