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Desarrollo de la Hidroelectricidad<br />

La Conferencia Mundial sobre Energia, una<br />

organizaci6n de 80 naciones, fundada en la decada de<br />

10s 1920’s, de la cual el Ecuador es un miembro, esta-<br />

blecid una Comisi6n International sobre Conserva-<br />

ci6n de Energa en 1974. La Comisidn fu4 la de<br />

determinar tan objectiva y factualmente <strong>com</strong>a fuere<br />

posible, las fuentes de energia de1 mundo; investigar<br />

10s metodos <strong>com</strong>a se pudieran realizar mejotias en el<br />

desarrollo y la utilizaci6n de dichos recursos; asesorar<br />

las posibilidades de substituir otras fuentes de<br />

energia por el <strong>com</strong>bustible; evaluar el extent0 pro-<br />

bable al cual las medidas de conservaci6n pudieran<br />

reducir las demandas de energia; y luego determinar<br />

cuales setian aproximadamente las necesidades mun-<br />

diales de energia y 10s metodos <strong>com</strong>a se las podria<br />

satisfacer. la Comissi6n de ConservacSn, incluyendo<br />

10s verificadores de 10s estudios, totaliz6 80 miem-<br />

bros, y en adici6n se formularon grandes grupos de<br />

tareas especificas en las keas de <strong>com</strong>bustible,<br />

carbbn, gas natural, energia nuclear, hidr&ulica,<br />

fuentes no convencionales (tales <strong>com</strong>a solar, biomasa,<br />

viento, geotkrmica, oleaje), conservaci.6n y demandas<br />

de energia. Estos grupos incluyeron la gente que<br />

consideramos ser 10s mejor informados en el mundo.<br />

Yo tuve el privilegio de encabezar el grupo de estudio<br />

de 10s recursos hidroekcticos. Los estudios se <strong>com</strong>-<br />

pletaron y se publicaron 10s resultados.<br />

Estos estudios, en mi opini6n, presentan el primer<br />

analisis que abarca el campo total de las fuentes de<br />

energia de1 mundo y sus demandas proyectadas sobre<br />

las cuatro dkadas pr6ximas, en una forma objectiva<br />

y <strong>com</strong>pleta.<br />

Los resultados de dichos estudios indican que ia<br />

hidroelectricidad provee actualmente 23% de la elec-<br />

tricidad en todo el mundo. En paises individuales, la<br />

cantidad vatia de 100% en algunas de las 5reas m&s<br />

remotas a cantidades omisibles en 10s pa&es rices en<br />

petr6leo de1 Medio Oriente. En 10s E&ados Unidos,<br />

la hidroeiectridicad provee actualmente un 13% de<br />

nuestra electricidad.. En todo el mundo, la cantidad<br />

desarrollada es de aproximadamente 17% de lo que<br />

razonablemente se considera desarrollable. (Lo que se<br />

considera desarrollable se estima que constituye solo<br />

un 12% de la energia te6rica total de todos 10s rios y<br />

arroyos que corren en el mundo.)<br />

La Figura 1 ilustra grificamente el potential<br />

hidrico en varias areas dei mundo y las cantidades<br />

que se han desarrollado, estin en construcci6n, se<br />

planea su desarrollo con un programa definitivo y la<br />

cantidad restante. N6tese que el total que se con-<br />

sidera desarrollable es de 2.2 millones de megawatts<br />

<strong>Hydropower</strong> Development<br />

The \i\lorld Energy Conference, and 80-nation<br />

organization founded in the 1920’s and of which<br />

Ecuador is a member, established an Interna-<br />

tional Commission on Energy Conservation in<br />

1974. The charge was to determine as objectively<br />

and factually as possible, the energy resources<br />

of the world; investigate ways improvements in<br />

development and utilization of these resources<br />

could be ac<strong>com</strong>plished; assess possibilities of<br />

substituting other energy resources for oil;<br />

evaluate the probable extent conservation<br />

measures could reduce energy demands; and<br />

then determine what the energy needs worldwide<br />

would most likely be and the ways they could be<br />

met. The Conservation Commission,including the<br />

study reviewers, totaled 80 members, and in addi-<br />

tion large task forces were formulated in the<br />

areas of oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear, hydraulic,<br />

unconventional resources (such as solar,<br />

biomass, wind, geothermal, waves), conservation,<br />

and energy demands. These included people we<br />

considered the most knowledgeable in the world.<br />

I had the privilege of heading up the hydropower<br />

resources task force study. The studies have<br />

been <strong>com</strong>pleted and the results published. These<br />

studies, I believe, present the first fully <strong>com</strong>-<br />

prehensive, objective, authoritative analysis of<br />

the world’s energy resources and the demands<br />

for the next four decades.<br />

The results of the studies show ;5at<br />

hydropower now provides 23% of Aectric power<br />

worldwide. In individual cotlntries, the amount<br />

ranges from 100% in some of the more remote<br />

areas to negligible amounts in the Middle East<br />

oil-rich countries. In the United States,<br />

hydropower now provides about 13% of our elec-<br />

tricity. Worldwid e the amount developed is about<br />

17% of that considered reasonably developable.<br />

(That which is considered developable is<br />

estimated to be only about 12% of the total<br />

theoretical energy in all the world’s rivers and<br />

streams.)<br />

Figure 1 graphically illustrates the hydro poten-<br />

tial in various areas of the world and the<br />

amounts that are developed, under construction,<br />

planned for development in a definitive schedule,<br />

and the amount remaining. Note the total con-<br />

sidered developable is about 2.2 million<br />

megawatts with a yearly production potential of<br />

nearly 10 million gigawatt hours of electrical<br />

energy. This is equal to approximately 40 million<br />

17

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