Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Desarrollo de la Hidroelectricidad<br />
La Conferencia Mundial sobre Energia, una<br />
organizaci6n de 80 naciones, fundada en la decada de<br />
10s 1920’s, de la cual el Ecuador es un miembro, esta-<br />
blecid una Comisi6n International sobre Conserva-<br />
ci6n de Energa en 1974. La Comisidn fu4 la de<br />
determinar tan objectiva y factualmente <strong>com</strong>a fuere<br />
posible, las fuentes de energia de1 mundo; investigar<br />
10s metodos <strong>com</strong>a se pudieran realizar mejotias en el<br />
desarrollo y la utilizaci6n de dichos recursos; asesorar<br />
las posibilidades de substituir otras fuentes de<br />
energia por el <strong>com</strong>bustible; evaluar el extent0 pro-<br />
bable al cual las medidas de conservaci6n pudieran<br />
reducir las demandas de energia; y luego determinar<br />
cuales setian aproximadamente las necesidades mun-<br />
diales de energia y 10s metodos <strong>com</strong>a se las podria<br />
satisfacer. la Comissi6n de ConservacSn, incluyendo<br />
10s verificadores de 10s estudios, totaliz6 80 miem-<br />
bros, y en adici6n se formularon grandes grupos de<br />
tareas especificas en las keas de <strong>com</strong>bustible,<br />
carbbn, gas natural, energia nuclear, hidr&ulica,<br />
fuentes no convencionales (tales <strong>com</strong>a solar, biomasa,<br />
viento, geotkrmica, oleaje), conservaci.6n y demandas<br />
de energia. Estos grupos incluyeron la gente que<br />
consideramos ser 10s mejor informados en el mundo.<br />
Yo tuve el privilegio de encabezar el grupo de estudio<br />
de 10s recursos hidroekcticos. Los estudios se <strong>com</strong>-<br />
pletaron y se publicaron 10s resultados.<br />
Estos estudios, en mi opini6n, presentan el primer<br />
analisis que abarca el campo total de las fuentes de<br />
energia de1 mundo y sus demandas proyectadas sobre<br />
las cuatro dkadas pr6ximas, en una forma objectiva<br />
y <strong>com</strong>pleta.<br />
Los resultados de dichos estudios indican que ia<br />
hidroelectricidad provee actualmente 23% de la elec-<br />
tricidad en todo el mundo. En paises individuales, la<br />
cantidad vatia de 100% en algunas de las 5reas m&s<br />
remotas a cantidades omisibles en 10s pa&es rices en<br />
petr6leo de1 Medio Oriente. En 10s E&ados Unidos,<br />
la hidroeiectridicad provee actualmente un 13% de<br />
nuestra electricidad.. En todo el mundo, la cantidad<br />
desarrollada es de aproximadamente 17% de lo que<br />
razonablemente se considera desarrollable. (Lo que se<br />
considera desarrollable se estima que constituye solo<br />
un 12% de la energia te6rica total de todos 10s rios y<br />
arroyos que corren en el mundo.)<br />
La Figura 1 ilustra grificamente el potential<br />
hidrico en varias areas dei mundo y las cantidades<br />
que se han desarrollado, estin en construcci6n, se<br />
planea su desarrollo con un programa definitivo y la<br />
cantidad restante. N6tese que el total que se con-<br />
sidera desarrollable es de 2.2 millones de megawatts<br />
<strong>Hydropower</strong> Development<br />
The \i\lorld Energy Conference, and 80-nation<br />
organization founded in the 1920’s and of which<br />
Ecuador is a member, established an Interna-<br />
tional Commission on Energy Conservation in<br />
1974. The charge was to determine as objectively<br />
and factually as possible, the energy resources<br />
of the world; investigate ways improvements in<br />
development and utilization of these resources<br />
could be ac<strong>com</strong>plished; assess possibilities of<br />
substituting other energy resources for oil;<br />
evaluate the probable extent conservation<br />
measures could reduce energy demands; and<br />
then determine what the energy needs worldwide<br />
would most likely be and the ways they could be<br />
met. The Conservation Commission,including the<br />
study reviewers, totaled 80 members, and in addi-<br />
tion large task forces were formulated in the<br />
areas of oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear, hydraulic,<br />
unconventional resources (such as solar,<br />
biomass, wind, geothermal, waves), conservation,<br />
and energy demands. These included people we<br />
considered the most knowledgeable in the world.<br />
I had the privilege of heading up the hydropower<br />
resources task force study. The studies have<br />
been <strong>com</strong>pleted and the results published. These<br />
studies, I believe, present the first fully <strong>com</strong>-<br />
prehensive, objective, authoritative analysis of<br />
the world’s energy resources and the demands<br />
for the next four decades.<br />
The results of the studies show ;5at<br />
hydropower now provides 23% of Aectric power<br />
worldwide. In individual cotlntries, the amount<br />
ranges from 100% in some of the more remote<br />
areas to negligible amounts in the Middle East<br />
oil-rich countries. In the United States,<br />
hydropower now provides about 13% of our elec-<br />
tricity. Worldwid e the amount developed is about<br />
17% of that considered reasonably developable.<br />
(That which is considered developable is<br />
estimated to be only about 12% of the total<br />
theoretical energy in all the world’s rivers and<br />
streams.)<br />
Figure 1 graphically illustrates the hydro poten-<br />
tial in various areas of the world and the<br />
amounts that are developed, under construction,<br />
planned for development in a definitive schedule,<br />
and the amount remaining. Note the total con-<br />
sidered developable is about 2.2 million<br />
megawatts with a yearly production potential of<br />
nearly 10 million gigawatt hours of electrical<br />
energy. This is equal to approximately 40 million<br />
17