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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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localidades posibles desde una sola minicentral. El<br />

costs, por subtransmisidn es muy inferior al cost0 de<br />

generation. Del andisis de costos se concluye:<br />

1. Que el costo de subtransmision es muy inferior<br />

al de generation.<br />

2. Que a mayor tamano de la central, es menor el<br />

cost0 de la energia.<br />

Por tanto se re<strong>com</strong>ienda:<br />

1.. IJtilizar al m&&o la interconexion entre<br />

localidades mediente lineas, tratando que un<br />

nlimerod maxim0 de pueblos Sean abastecidos<br />

desde una sola central. Se debe evitar la con-<br />

struccicin de m&s de Tuna minicentral dentro de<br />

unit region. Solo en cases de localidades<br />

<strong>com</strong>pletamente aisladas debe construirse<br />

minicentrales de potencia minimas.<br />

2. Cuando tecnicamente sea posible, consttir por<br />

etapas, el analisis de costos hate evidente la<br />

necesidad de valuar y seleccionar proyectos, de-<br />

biendo darse prioridad a 10s proyectos de mayor<br />

calificacion.<br />

Comparaciih con otras<br />

Alternativas de Suministro<br />

Como se menciono en el capitulo No 1 las fuentes<br />

de energia utilizada3 en el Peru para electrification<br />

rural son:<br />

- Generation T&-mica<br />

- Generation Hidraulica<br />

- Interconexion<br />

En general se puede concluir que debido a 10s precios<br />

de1 petroleo, inciertos y cada &a m&s elevados, la<br />

generation t&-mica es la alternativa menos reeomen-<br />

dada, debiendo limitarse solo a aquellas miniregiones<br />

donde no exita otra alternativa.<br />

La interconexion de un Pequeno Sistsma Electrico<br />

a un Sistema Principal, cuando este sea vecino, y me<br />

diante lineas, de preferencia de 13.2 kV (6 10 kV), es<br />

la m&s eonveniente; en algunos eases puede alcan-<br />

zarse el nivel de 33 kV. Para miniregiones donde no<br />

sea posible la interconexion, la generacidn hidraulica<br />

es la m&s economica. En resumen, para cada<br />

miniregion debe estudiarse las alternativas de<br />

suministro.<br />

Fuentes de Financiamiento<br />

En diciembre de 1978, por Resolution Ministeria .l<br />

No. 1475-73EM-OSP se cre6 el Fondo para la<br />

Electrification con pequenas Centrales Hidroelectricas,<br />

debiendo ELECTROPERU destinar e!<br />

15% de su rents. anual y de la utilidad que le corresponda<br />

por su participation accionaria en las<br />

307<br />

the cost analysis, we <strong>com</strong>e to the conclusion<br />

that:<br />

1. Subtransmission costs are lower than<br />

generat ion costs.<br />

2. The larger the capacity of the power plant,<br />

the lower the cost of energy.<br />

Therefore it is re<strong>com</strong>mended:<br />

1. To maximize interconnection between<br />

localities through transmission lines so that<br />

a maximum number of <strong>com</strong>munities receive<br />

energy supply from only one power plant.<br />

Construction of more than one ministation in<br />

the same region should be avoided. Only in<br />

cases of <strong>com</strong>pletely isolated localities<br />

should ministations of minimal capacity be<br />

installed.<br />

2. Whenever it is technically possible, instaila-<br />

tion should be done in stages. Cost analysis<br />

makes evident the need for evaluation and<br />

selection of projects, giving priority to those<br />

scoring the highest.<br />

Comparison with other Nternative Sources<br />

As mentioned earlier, the sources of energy us-<br />

ed in Peru for rural electrlficalion are:<br />

- thermal generation<br />

- hydraulic generation<br />

- interconnection<br />

In general, we may conclude that due to the pre-<br />

sent day prices of petroleum, uncertain and<br />

higher every day, thermal generation is the least<br />

advisable alternative and it should be limited to<br />

those mini-regions where other alternatives are<br />

unavailable,<br />

The interconnection of a small electric system<br />

to a bulk system, when this is nearby, by means of<br />

lines preferably of 13.2 kV (or 10 kV), is the most<br />

convenient. In some cases the veltage may go up<br />

to a level of 33 kV. For mini-regions where inter-<br />

connection is not feasible, hydropower genera-<br />

tion is the most economical. In summary, for<br />

each mini-region the alternative sources for sup-<br />

ply should be researched on their own merits.<br />

Sources of Financing<br />

In December 1978, by Ministerial Resolution<br />

No. 147578-EM-OSP, a fund was created for<br />

electrification using sma!l hydroelectric<br />

powerp!an!s whereby E lectroperu should assign<br />

15% of its annual revenues plus the dividends<br />

accrued in other public utility enterprises. This

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