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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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ciones que pueden ser abastecidas desde una fuente<br />

<strong>com</strong>6n de generacien de energia.<br />

Esta &rea de influencia la denominamos una Mini<br />

-Region.<br />

Las obras e generation, con preferencia son consti-<br />

tuidas por minicentrales hidroelectricas de potencia<br />

instalada hasta 1000 kW, sin ser &a potencia<br />

limitativa, pues algunos sistemas tendran una deman-<br />

da proyectada superior a esa cantidad, sin embargo<br />

son de car&ter rural y por su magnitud constituyen<br />

pdquenos sistemas.<br />

Las obras de subtransmision son constittidas por<br />

lineas de nivel de tension de 13.2 kV (10 kV), en<br />

posteria de madera preferentemente. E&as lineas<br />

pueden alcanzar longitudes hasta de 20 km, pero en<br />

general se llega a distancias de 15 km. Even-<br />

tualmente cuando la importancia o la magnitud de<br />

una miniregion !; justifique, se puede alcenzar el<br />

nivel de 33 kV.<br />

La transformation esta conformada por pequenos<br />

transformadores de 13.210.23 kV (6 1010.23 kV) col-<br />

gados de un poste, de potencias entre 10 y 37.5 kVA.<br />

La distribuciion de1 tipo aereo usa postes de<br />

madera de 8 a 10 metros, con conductores de cohre<br />

aislados @VP).<br />

Estas redes pueden ser monofasicas en primera<br />

etapa.<br />

Criterios para la Determinaciin de1<br />

Area de Influencia<br />

Un pequefio sistema electrico en principio debe<br />

<strong>com</strong>prender todas las poblaciones posibles de ser<br />

electrificadas mediante lineas de subtransmision<br />

desde una fuente <strong>com</strong>dn de ener@a, sin embargo es<br />

necesario fijar ciertos criterios t&nicos y economicos<br />

que psrmitan determinar su area de influencia, Los<br />

criterios principales son:<br />

1. Proximidad entre poblaciones, que permita con-<br />

formar lineas el&tricas de nivel hasta 13.2 kV,<br />

pudiendose alcanzar distancias hasta 20km. (sin<br />

ser exactamente limitativo). Excepcionalmente,<br />

si la importancia de la demanda io justifica,<br />

puede alcanzarse el nivel de 33 kV.<br />

2. En case de aprovechamiento de recurso hidrico,<br />

su capacidad es un factor iimitante de1 numero<br />

de poblaciones que integren el area de influencia,<br />

aunque si la demanda de1 sistema es mayor de ia<br />

capacidad de1 recurso hidrico, puede emplearse<br />

potencia in&lad t&mica para las horas de punta,<br />

siempre y cuando ia importancia y ubicacion de<br />

ias poblaciones lo justifique. Cabe sefialar que las<br />

horas de punta son reducidas (no mas de 2<br />

296<br />

and their magnitude places them in the category<br />

of small systems.<br />

The subtransmission installation consists of<br />

13.2 kV lines, preferably on wood poles. These<br />

lines can be up to 20 km long, but in general are<br />

about 15 km long. When the electrical demand in<br />

the mini-region justifies higher voltages, 33 kV<br />

construction is used. <strong>Small</strong>, pole mounted,<br />

13.21.023 kV transformers with capacity ratings<br />

between 10 and 37.5 kVA are generally used.<br />

Overhead distribution utilizes wooden poles from<br />

8 to 10 meters in length and insulated copper<br />

conductors. (WP).<br />

Criteria for Determination of Area<br />

of Influence<br />

A small electric system should cover, from its<br />

inception, all the potential <strong>com</strong>munities to be<br />

electrified by subtransmission lines extending<br />

from a <strong>com</strong>mon source of energy. However, it is<br />

necessary to set certain technical and economic<br />

criteria ;o define this area of influence. The main<br />

criteria are:<br />

1. Geographical proximity of <strong>com</strong>munities to<br />

extend distribution lines of up to 20 km<br />

(without strict limitation). Occasionally, when<br />

the magnitude of the demand justifies it, the<br />

level of 33 kV may be attained.<br />

2. In case of hydropower resources, capacity is<br />

a limiting factor in the number of <strong>com</strong>-<br />

munities incorporated in the area of in-<br />

fluence. If the demand of the system is<br />

greater than the capacity of the hydropower<br />

source, installed thermal power may be used<br />

for peak hours, if and when the importance<br />

and location of the <strong>com</strong>munities to be<br />

served justify doing so. It should be pointed<br />

out that peak hours are reduced (nor more than<br />

2 hours/day) in the case of rural type loads.<br />

To adopt this anized solution, an economic<br />

study should be undertaken. Even though<br />

the petroleum consumption in peak hours is<br />

reduced, the investment in the thermal in-<br />

stallation is not takan full advantage of.<br />

3. The topography of the terrain should permit<br />

access for material transportation between<br />

<strong>com</strong>munities to make construction,<br />

maintenance and operation of the system<br />

possible.<br />

4. In the case of hydropower, access to the<br />

potential powerhouse and its distance to the<br />

load center is important.

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