Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Basicamente nos referimos al agregado de arena,
cemento, acero de refuerzo y material para la con-
struccidn de bloques. Ademas, normalmente ser&
necesario tener una pequena cantidad de acero para
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basura, caiierias de presion y estructura de acero
para soporte.
La tecnologia en el abastecimiento de1 agua im-
phca principalmente el conocimiento de las
caracteristicas de1 flujo de la corriente conforme se
las describe en curvas de duracidn de1 flujo, c&da
anual de iluvias, y proportion de1 agua desperdiciada
a la cantidad de lluvia caida asi coma information de
las precipitaciones mensuales. En un promedio de
once instalaciones anteriores en todo el mucdo, de
pequeiias plantas hidroelectricas descentralizadas
parece que encontramos que el abastecimiento de1
agua es aproximadamente un 20% de1 costo total de
operation de una planta Zdraulica.
El co&o de capital concerniente a equipos
rotatorios puede variar de acuerdo a la selection de1
lugar, lo cual al mismo tiempo determina la seleccidn
de1 equipo. Cuando se opere con cafdas de mas de 15
a 20 metros, siempre es posible utilizar maquinarias
de tipo a impulsos con las correspondientes alms
velocidades de rota&n. Para lugares seleccionados
que requicren este tipo de maquinaria, recomiendo
que se compre la boca, el eje y 10s rodamientos, y
una rueda de impulso, fundida, de uno de 10s varios
proveedores de este tipo de componentes. Se podr8
comprar estos componentes para ensamblaje en 10s
talleres propios en un encasillado de acero soldado
con un costo de componentes a partir de aprox-
imadamente $1000 por kW para tamarios pequenos
de mas o menos 3 kW bajando a aproximadamente
$250 por kW para maquinarias que se acerquen a 10s
1000 kW.
Los requisitos de mano de obra consisten esen-
cialmente de prensas de perforation, un torno y
buena capacidad para soldadura.
La meteria prima requerida para el equip0
rotatorio implica principalmente planchas de acero en
espesor de un cuarto de pulgada hasta una pulgada
para las unidades m&s grandes.
La tecnologia requerida para la manufactura de
equipos rotatorios de la turbina sera modesta cuando
se siga el metodo mencionado anteriormente para la
compra de 10s componentes. En general, la
technologfa requiere capacidad para soldar y cierto
grad0 de experiencia hidroelectrica. Con respect0 a
esto Gltimo, inicialmente se podra utihzar con-
sultantes y a medida que se desarrolle la cuwa de la
monthly precipitation information. On an average
of eleven preceeding installations throughout the
world on small decentralized hydro, we seem to
be finding that water supply is approximately
20% of the tota! cost of the operating hydro
plant.
The capital cost involved with rotating equip-
ment can vary according to the site selection,
which in turn dictates the equipment selection.
When working with heads in excess of 15 to 20
meters, it is always possible to use impulse-type
machinery with attendant high rotating speeds.
For site selections requiring this kind of
machinery, I would like to suggest that you pur-
chase the nozzle, shaft and bearings, and a
finished cast impulse wheel from one of the
several vendors who supply these components.
You would be able to purchase these com-
ponents for assembly in your own shop in a
welded steel casing for a component cost begin-
ning at about $1000 per kW for sizes as small as
3 kW, down to approximately $250 per kW for
machinery approaching 1000 kW.
The labor requirements consist essentially of
drill presses, one lathe, and good welding
capability.
Raw materials required for the rotating equip-
ment would involve mainly steel plate in
thicknesses from one-quarter inch up to one inch
(for larger sizes).
The technology required for manufacturing the
rotating turbine equipment would be modest
when the aforementioned approach of purchase-
ing components is followed. In general, the
technology would involve welding capability and
some degree of hydroelectric expertise. With
respect to the latter, this could be available from
consultants initially and provided within the
manufacturer’s organization as the experience
curve develops.
i would no initially recommend that the elec-
trical equipment be manufactured locally since it
is available throughout the world at very com-
petitive pricing. By electrical equipment, I would
also mean to include the controls necessary to
maintain voltage and frequency at desired levels.
Powerhouse
The capital requirements for a powerhouse in-
volve two major parts. The first is the foundation
for the turbine, adequate provision for supply of
water to the turbine and removal of the spent