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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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Oportunidades para la<br />

Manufactura Local de<br />

Equipos Hidroektricos<br />

Kenneth M. Grover<br />

La posibilidad de manufactura local para zquipos<br />

hidroelectricos es uno de 10s elementos que influyen<br />

para hater atractivas a las pequenas centrales<br />

hidroelectricas. Kenneth M. Grover delinea las opor-<br />

tunidades que pueden ser implementadas de in-<br />

mediato sin requerir el desarrollo de toda una<br />

industria.<br />

Un metodo de sistemas generales para 10s pro<br />

blemas de hoy dia consiste en lo siguiente:<br />

0 La Fuente de enerda. Para recuperar la energia<br />

de1 agua ha de haber un flujo razonable acoplado<br />

con suficiente cafda para permitir la recuperation<br />

economics de la energia de la fuente.<br />

0 La nueva forma de energia que buscamos <strong>com</strong>a<br />

resulbadn de nuestro sistema debe ser la elec-<br />

tricidad, y debemos poder demostrar las ventajas<br />

de AC us DC asi <strong>com</strong>a las otras caractetisticas elec-<br />

tricas de la carga de la demanda.<br />

0 Hoy &a podemos disenar el sistema que ha de<br />

convertir mejor la energia de la fuente a la forma<br />

de energa deseada.<br />

Se puode agregar aqti que si la situation fuere asi<br />

tan simple, podtiamos todos abandonar esta con-<br />

ferencia sin que ello ocasione perdida a&ma.<br />

Es posible seleccionar una fuente de energia de<br />

cualquier nlimero de lugares posibles, dentrol de 10s<br />

estrechos par&metros de la cafda y el flujo de modo<br />

que podremos atentar “Disenos Normalizados” para<br />

nuestras oportunidades de manufactura local. Para<br />

10s fines de este aticulo, debemos reconocer la<br />

relation entre costos de1 capital y el Tamaiio Fisico<br />

de1 Equipo. Este reconocimiento, cuando se lo apli-<br />

que, ha de tener el efecto de rehusar la mayoria de<br />

las proposiciones cuando la caida se menor que 8<br />

metros, a menos que se haya calculado el costo <strong>com</strong>-<br />

pleto de1 abastecimiento de1 agua en otros lugares<br />

tales <strong>com</strong>a en un sistema de irrigation. En general,<br />

sobre una base por kilowatio, cuanto mayor sea la<br />

caida, menor costoso sera el equip0 de1 agua a la<br />

planta. Nuestra preferencia es trabajar con rotores<br />

de influjo radial de hasta 15 metros de caida, y con<br />

una maquinaria de impulsos de m&s de 15 metros.<br />

233<br />

Kenneth M. Grover<br />

electric equipment is one of the elements that<br />

makes small hydro attractive. Kenneth M. Grover<br />

outlines those opportunities that can be most<br />

readily implemented without involving develop-<br />

ment of an entire industry.<br />

A general systems approach to our problem of<br />

the day consists of the following:<br />

0 The Energy Source. In order to recover<br />

energy from water, we must have reasonable<br />

flow together with enough head to permit<br />

economic recovery of power from the energy<br />

source.<br />

l The new energy form we are seeking as out-<br />

put from our system must be electrical and we<br />

must be able to spell-out the advantage of ac<br />

vs dc, as well as the other electrical<br />

characteristics of the demand load.<br />

* We may now design the system which will<br />

best convert the energy from the energy source<br />

to the energy form desired.<br />

I may add here that, if it were as simple as<br />

this, we could have ail of us missed this<br />

workshop without loss.<br />

It is possible to select an energy source from<br />

any number of cnadidate sites within fairly nar-<br />

row parameters of head and flow so that we may<br />

attempt a set of “Standardized Designs” for our<br />

local manufacturing opportunities. For purposes<br />

of this paper, we will recognize the relationship<br />

between capital cost and physical size of equip-<br />

ment. This recognition will, when followed out,<br />

have the effect of rejecting most applications<br />

where head is less than about 8 meters, unless<br />

the <strong>com</strong>pleted water supply has been costed<br />

elsewhere, such as in an irrigation system. In<br />

general, on a per-kilowatt basis, the more head<br />

available, the less costly the water-to-wire equip-<br />

ment be<strong>com</strong>es. We like to work with radial in-<br />

flow runners up to about 15 meters of head and<br />

with impulse machinery above 15 meters.

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