Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Canal de Toma
CANAL INTAKE
SETTLING
POND s+----\
Acueducto
Ctimara de Salida
AFTERBAY
Toma de Potencia
TRANSMISSION LINE
Figura 1 Disposicih Tipica de una Facilidad de Alta Ctida con un Canal de Potencia
Figure 1 Typical Arrangement of a High-Head Facility With a Power Canal
coma si fuera una plants de corriente natural mien-
tras permita que permaezca suficiente flujo en el tie
para satisfacer 10s requisitos de la corriente. Estos
requisitos podrian incltir agua para la pesca o para
industrias y municipalidades ubicadas entre la
represa de de&o y la plants de energia. Para una
facilidad hidroelectrica pequena, esta distancia es
pequefia y las necesidades de1 flujo de la corriente
seran correspondientemente pequenas.
Los componentes de1 sistema incluyen: represa de
desviacion y vertedero de1 canal principal, estructura
de regulacidn y compuertas en la parte superior de la
corriente de1 canal, estructuras que transporten el
drenaje por debajo o arriba de1 canal, una
antecamara y vertedero en el extremo inferior de1
canal, estructura de toma para la carieria de presion,
!a carieria depresidn, turbinas, generadores, con-
troles, casa de mkquinas, destios instantaneos
alrededor de las turbinas y camara de salida.
La Figura 2 ilustra una pequena represa de de&o
tipica, que se debe utilizar pars una planta
aprovechando la corriente de1 rfo y estructura de
toma de1 canal de energ3a. Para una represa baja es
importante considerar la cantidad de sedimento
suspendido y arrastre de fondo acarreados por la cor-
riente. La estructura de toma no se debe colocar en
el interior de una curva de1 rio porque es tendencia
170
hydropower facility, this distance is small and in-
stream flow needs will likewise be small.
Components of the system include: diversion
dam and main-channel spillway, regulation struc-
ture and gates at the upstream end of the canal,
structures to carry drainage under or over the
canal, a forebay and spillway at the lower end of
the canal, intake structure for the penstock,
penstock, turbines, generators, controls, power-
house, instantaneous bypass around the tur-
bines, and the tailrace.
Figure 2 shows a typical small diversion dam
such as would be used for a river-run plant and
power canal intake structure. For a low dam, it is
very important to consider the amount of
suspended sediment and bed-load carried by the
stream. The intake structure should never be
located on the inside of a river bend because of
the natural tendency of a river to deposit sedi-
ment on the inside of the bend. Removal of the
sediment would be continuous and expensive. A
depressd channel should be provided in front of
the regulating gates where sediment (particularly
bed-load) will be deposited. A separate gate is
then provided through which material deposited
in the sediment trap can be sluiced back into the
river. Gates used in the structure can be radial