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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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4. Montar la base de acero, con o sin la turbina y el<br />

generador encima, sobre el cimiento con 10s<br />

bulones que lo aseguran sobre ctias, con un es-<br />

patio de una pulgada entre la base y el tope de1<br />

bloque.<br />

5. Nivelar la base y darle una lecherada con<br />

Embeco (o cualquier lecherada que se expande) o<br />

rellknese en seco con una mezcla de 3:l de<br />

cement0 y arena en el interval0 y dejar sin per-<br />

tarbar por 30 how. Sacar 10s tornillos que lo<br />

mantienen levantado y las cufias y dejar bajar<br />

sobre 10s bulones de1 cimiento.<br />

6. Montar la turbina y el generador sobre la base<br />

(si no estin ya alZ) e instala~ material laminado<br />

de lOO/lOOO’ bajo cada pie de la turbina y<br />

generador. Colocar la turbina y nivelarla e inser-<br />

tar en ella. el alineamiento de1 generador.<br />

Enclavijar todas las patas COA clavijas bien reba-<br />

jadas para conseguir ajuste perfecto.<br />

To design for adequate escape area, choose,<br />

or form, the bottom of the tailwater channel<br />

somewhat in the form of a flat-bottomed boat.<br />

The keel be<strong>com</strong>es the normal tailwater flow<br />

course. As soon as the water flow increases, a<br />

greatly increased flow area be<strong>com</strong>es available<br />

with only a small rise in tailwater level.<br />

The tailwater channel should be offset from<br />

the main channel enough to prevent being wash-<br />

ed full of gravel during flood periods.<br />

The rule, in one sentence, is to provide much<br />

more escape area than would at first be thought<br />

necessary. Carry fhe tailwater trench down the<br />

stream a short distance before it joins the<br />

mainstream.<br />

A Few Case Histories<br />

A 25 kW Francis turbine was installed in a<br />

remote location in a country in North Africa to be<br />

Lo antedicho seria aplicable a una instalacicjn<br />

operated without any connection to any other<br />

generation source. The unit was placed on<br />

mecanica tipica de turbina Francis o a helice ccn eje<br />

horizontal. Se debe manejar las unidades verticxles<br />

stream, ran well for about 5 months and at that<br />

conforme a su disefio. No obst;lnte, tndss las<br />

time a thunderstorm caused high water in the<br />

unidades tienen un grupo de denominadores <strong>com</strong>stream<br />

from which the water was drawn, by way<br />

unes. Se debe evitar-m&rlas cuando las ctierias de<br />

of a 600 meter canal to a wooden forebay and<br />

presi6n se estkn llenas o vacias de agua para presersteel<br />

penstock, for the turbine. I was in the counvar<br />

su alineacidn. Se las debe mantener libres de ty and was asked to look at the turbine without<br />

todo material extraiio. Se deben suministror 10s any description of the damage. only the statelubricantes<br />

reeomendados por 10s fabricantes, etc.; ment that it was damaged.<br />

pero no es el prop&it0 de este document0 llamarles Upon arrival at the village, there had been no<br />

la atenci6n hacia las cosas que otras fuentes les van a lights for several months, I found the take-off<br />

informar, sino, por el contrario, las cosas que no les nearly parallel to mainstream flow. The 600 meter<br />

van a decir 10s dem&s. canal had been partially-filled with gravel nearly<br />

Se encontrarA que las variaciones de descarga de1 the entire length. The trash-rack had collapsed<br />

agua por encima o por debajo de lo disefiado con- and let a truck-load of gravel descend the<br />

stituye un aspect0 dificil con una instalaci6n que penstock to the turbine. At the foot of the<br />

utiliza el agua que corre naturalmente. Nos g&a penstock, a long radius elbow fed the water (and<br />

pensar que nuestros clientes han de querer operar gravel) directly into the gate-case, gates and runsus<br />

plantas de energia con mucha agua asi <strong>com</strong>a fluje<br />

el disefio. En consecuercia es necesario proveer area<br />

de escape para el exceso de agua que habrg en ciertas<br />

kpocas de1 tie.<br />

ner- The machine was destroyed.<br />

Solution: Redesign the take-off to 90 degrees,<br />

install settling pools at each end of the canal,<br />

keep tile trash rack clean, and strengthen the<br />

Para disenar un area de escape adecuada, hay que<br />

escoger o formar la base de1 canal de descarga de1<br />

agua mtis o menos en la forma de un bote con fondo<br />

plano. La quilla se convierte en el curso normal de1<br />

supports.<br />

flujo de la descarga. Tan pronto <strong>com</strong>a aumenta el flu- A 100 kW vertical propeller-type turbine had<br />

jo de1 agua, se dispone de un area de flujo mucho been running well for about 5 years driving a<br />

mayor con ~610 un pequefio aumento en el nivel de la horizontal-shaft generator through a 3:l angledescarga.<br />

drive gear box. The gear box had suffered a<br />

El canal de la descarga debe ser desplazado de1 failure The manufacturer had furnished the parts<br />

cauce principal lo suficienlz corn0 para evitar que la for a rebuild in the field, at his expense. About a<br />

163

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