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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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adicional a cumplir ha sido la de identificaci6n de 10s<br />

equipos, evaluaci6n de su estado y la <strong>com</strong>paginacicin<br />

con requerimientos de energia y con las condiciones<br />

natwales de 10s sitios de probable implementaci6n.<br />

Sefialamos adem& que el programa se& cumplido<br />

en dos etapas: primer0 un plan pilot0 que nos per-<br />

mita adquirir experiencia y luego un plan a nice1<br />

general <strong>com</strong>a parte integrante de1 programa de elec-<br />

trificacidn rural.<br />

El esquema de la metodologia es el de la Figura 1,<br />

en el cual distinguimos cuatro partes fundamentales:<br />

investigaci6n preliminar, investigacidn tkcnica,<br />

realizaci6n y evaluaci6n. Pasemos a explicar un poco<br />

m&s detenidamente cada uno de estos aspectos:<br />

Investigacih Preliminar<br />

En esta fast, tres son 10s factores preponderantes:<br />

10s usuarios, el recurso y 10s equipos. El objetivo de<br />

estos estudios preliminares es el de definir 10s<br />

criterios de afectaci6n de 10s trabajos en funci6n de<br />

las caracteristicas de 10s factores antes mencionados.<br />

En la primera etapa, de identificac%n, se trata<br />

tinicamente de reconocer 10s usuarios potenciales, la<br />

preszncia de recursos y la disponibilidad de equipos.<br />

La segunda etapa es ya una de recopilacidn y<br />

organizacidn de la informacibn. En general, en el<br />

pais existe informacibn m&s o menos fiable pero que<br />

se encuentra diseminada en varias instituciones y<br />

organismos de carater pliblico y privado. Es<br />

necesario recoger esa informacidn, sistematizarla y<br />

volverle 5pta para 10s usos requeridos. A nivel de 10s<br />

usuarios, dos son 10s tipos de programas que nos in-<br />

teresan: 10s de desarrollo regional y 10s de desarrollo<br />

de las zonas rurales marginales, y es que nuestro ob-<br />

jetivo no es el de extraer simplemente energia en 10s<br />

sitlos donde existan 10s recursos, sino que esta elec-<br />

tricidad debe tener objetivos sociales y econ6micos<br />

concordantes con el desarrollo y el mejoramiento de<br />

las condiciones de vida de la <strong>com</strong>unidad. Es asi <strong>com</strong>a<br />

la formulaci6n de una politica de explotaci6n rational<br />

de 10s recursos naturales tiene que basarse en el<br />

anglisis de1 sistema socio-econGmico-ambiental de la<br />

<strong>com</strong>unidad, sin perder de vista 10s objetivos de ser-<br />

vicio y de mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida.<br />

De la misma manera que para 10s usuarios, la infor-<br />

macibn sobre 10s recursos se encuentra dispersa.<br />

En el Ecuador existe un problema institutional que<br />

consiste en la duplicaci6n de esfuerzos: no es raro el<br />

case en que varias instituciones trabajan sobre un<br />

mismo sujeto, con las mismas metodologias y per-<br />

siguiendo 10s mismos objetivos. Esto dificulta la labor<br />

de recopilacidn de la informacibn, pues algunas veces<br />

perience. and then expansion as an integrated<br />

part of tl~e rural electrification program.<br />

The flow chart for the methodology is shown in<br />

Figure 1, where we see four main parts:<br />

preliminary study, technical research, implemen-<br />

tation, and evaluation.<br />

Preliminary Study<br />

In this Qhase, there are three primary factors:<br />

the consumers, the resources and the equipment.<br />

The purpose of the preliminary study is to define<br />

the criteria that will affect the work as a function<br />

of the characteristics of the factors mentioned<br />

above. In the first stage, identification, we figure<br />

out the potential consumers, the existing<br />

resources and the availability of equipment.<br />

The second stage is the review and organiza-<br />

tion of the information gathered. In general, infor-<br />

mation is generally dependable, but it is spread<br />

among institutions and organizations both private<br />

and public. It is necessary to gather this informa-<br />

tion and organize it in a systematic way to make<br />

it usable for the required purposes.<br />

At the level of the consumer, we are interested<br />

in two types of programs: regional development<br />

and development of the marginal rural zones. It is<br />

not our purpose to simply generate energy at the<br />

places where resources exist. The energy<br />

generated should serve a social and economic<br />

objective in line with the development and im-<br />

provement of living conditiorrs in the <strong>com</strong>munity.<br />

In this manner, the politics of rational exploita-<br />

tion of natural resources are based on an<br />

analysis of the socio-economic-environmental<br />

systems of the <strong>com</strong>munity, taking into considera-<br />

tion the objectives of service and improvement of<br />

living conditions. Information relating to<br />

resources is gathered in the same way as infor-<br />

mation regarding consumers.<br />

In Ecuador there is an institutional problem:<br />

duplication of effort. It is not un<strong>com</strong>mon to find<br />

several institutions working on the same subject<br />

with similar methodologies and pursuing the<br />

same objectives. This makes the information<br />

gatht. ing task somewhat difficult because<br />

sometimes the data is guarded by some func-<br />

tionaries as institutional property. On occasion,<br />

several months have gone by before we could ob-<br />

tain required data. The type of information we<br />

had requested was the hydrological and<br />

meteorological data for several regions.<br />

As we mentioned previously, the program has<br />

been divided in two parts: (1) relocation and (2)<br />

266

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