Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

A objet0 de hallar soluciones positivas a la
situation energetica nos hallamos analizando
resultados obtenidos por el Servicio National de
Meteorologia e Hidrologia, ya que esta entidad cuen-
ta con estaciones hidrologicas en algunos de 10s prin-
cipales rios, cuyos recursos se puede aprovechar para
la generation hidroelectrica. Asi se cuenta con el
siguiente ndmero de estaciones.
La Paz 60 estaciones
Cochaba.mba 50 estaciones
C huquisaca 18 estaciones
Santa Cruz 21 estaciones
Tarija 18 estaciones
Oruro 9 estaciones
pot.osi 7 estaciones
Total 183 Estaciones
Y algunas otras recientemente instaladas
Aspectos Complementarios
Dentro de las areas hidrogaficas existen gran can-
tidad de poblaciones pequefias situadas en zonas
aledanas a rios principales o tributarios de 10s
sistemas de1 pais que a su vez se hallan alejados de
10s sist.emas electricos existentes.
El momento actual exige el aprovechamiento de
recursos energeticos no explotados. Para este com-
etido debe hallarse una solution que satisfaga las
necesidades emergentes y este acorde con las
disponibilidades economicas de1 pais. Por esta razon
las Instituciones comprometidas en la solution de
estos problemas se estin elaborando politicas que
conjuncionen criterios ticnicos y economicus. Dentro
de e&as alternativas se plantean criterios tales coma
la estandarizacion de 10s sistemas.
La experiencia en la electrification de poblaciones
menores permite establecer limites de potencia a in-
stalarse en funcion de la importancia, ntimero de
habitantes, proyeccion de la demanda y otros
parametros. Con estas bases estimamos coma conve-
nientes centrales de1 orden de 20, 50, 100, 200 y 500
kV que pueden ser micro centrales hidroelectricas es-
tandarizadas de modo que puedan ser adoptadas para
diferentes alturas de caida y caudales de agua con
pequenas modifica&ones de sus componentes y con el
aprovechamiento de recursos economicos.
Ademas se estima conveniente la posibilidad de
proyectar casas de maquinas, canales, camaras de
carga, tuberfas y otros de tipo estandarizado y recur-
riendo a tecnicos y materidles con menos frecuencia.
Chuquisaca
Santa Cruz
Tari ja
Oruro
Potosi
Total
18 stations
21
18
0
7
183 Stations...and some
recently installed.
Complimentary Facts
Within the hydrographic areas, there are a
great number of small towns located in areas ad-
jacent to main rivers or tributaries which, as we
have already stated, are far from existing elec-
trical systems.
The times tail for full use of non-exploited
energy resources and for that purpose a solution
should be found which would satisfy emergency
needs and which would be in step with the coun-
try’s available economic resources. For this
reason, policies are being formulated within the
organizations involved in the solution of these
problems, which would agree with technical and
economic criteria. Within these, alternative
criteria such as standardization of the systems
are under consideration.
Experience in the electrification of small towns
allows us to establish capacity limits to be in-
stalled according to their priority, number of in-
habitants, projected demand and other
parameters. With this data, we estimate standar-
dized hydroelectric powerplants of 1, 20, 50, 100,
& 500kW which can be standardized according to
varying heads, water supply, etc. with small
modifications of their components taking full ad-
vantage of economic resources.
Furthermore, the possibility of planning
powerhouses, channels, load chambers,
penstocks, etc. of standardized type, making less
frequent use of technicians and materials is
deemed appropriate. At the same time,
automated systems of non-sophisticated types
are available which can be operated by non-
speciaiized personnel. In sum, we propose to use
all means with the object of minimizing construc-
tion costs and reducing the high cost of pertinent
engineering studies.
By way of complementary information, based
in some projects of small hydroelectric plants
presently under way and others planned, con-
struction costs in Bolivia are 1,500 $US per kW
installed, which implies channel construction of