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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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El <strong>Program</strong>a de<br />

Microcentrales Hidroekctricas<br />

en el Ecuador<br />

Leoncio Galarza<br />

Leoncio Galarza presenta el case de la necesidad de<br />

una planificacion <strong>com</strong>prensiva social e institutional<br />

<strong>com</strong>a parte integral de cualquier programa de<br />

pequedas centrales de hidroelectricidad. El Ecuador<br />

lo esta ejecutando mediante la concatenation de 10s<br />

aspectos tccnologicos a las caracteristicas locales de<br />

la <strong>com</strong>unidad e institucionalizacion de tanto esfuerzo<br />

national <strong>com</strong>a fuere posible.<br />

Introduccih<br />

La problematica de la planificacion energetica in-<br />

volucra aspectos de naturaleza diversa que en su con-<br />

junto permiten introducir una racionalidad, coherente<br />

con la realidad de cada region, en la explotacion y<br />

utilizack de 10s recursos naturaies.<br />

En el trabajo que presentamos a continuation<br />

vamos a aplicar este modelo conceptual al case prac-<br />

tico de1 Ecuador. Nuestro estudio se refiere a una<br />

evaluacidn de las condiciones de desarrollo actuales<br />

asi <strong>com</strong>a la caracterizacion de las tendencias. En la<br />

segunda parte nos concentramos en la justification<br />

de la solution propuesta: el programa de micro-<br />

centrales hidroel&tricas <strong>com</strong>a parte integrante de1<br />

Plan <strong>National</strong> de Desarrollo. Para finalizar<br />

planteamns la metodologia seguida por nosotros para<br />

la implementation de este proyecto.<br />

Evidentemente tenemos que insistir en la impor-<br />

tancia social de un proyecto de esta naturalza, sobre<br />

todo en una sociedad que <strong>com</strong>a la ecuatoriana, cuenta<br />

con un alto procentaje de poblacidn dispersa y<br />

marginada de 10s beneficios de1 progreso cientifico y<br />

tkcnico de la humanidad.<br />

Estudio de la Situacih<br />

Actual y Tendencias<br />

icro<br />

Leoncio Galarza<br />

need of <strong>com</strong>prehensive social and institutional<br />

planning as an integral part of any small hydro-<br />

power program. Ecuador is doing this by linking<br />

the technological aspects to local <strong>com</strong>munity<br />

characteristics and by institutionalizing as much<br />

national involvement as possible.<br />

Introduction<br />

The problem of energy planning involves<br />

various diverse aspects which permit the in-<br />

troduction or justifications in line with the reality<br />

of each region for the exploitation and utilization<br />

of natural resources.<br />

In this paper, we are going to apply a concep-<br />

tual model in its practical application in Ecuador<br />

Our study refers to an evaluation of the actual<br />

development conditions as well as the<br />

characterization of trends in development. In the<br />

second part, we focus on the justification of the<br />

proposed solution: the micro-hydro power pro-<br />

gram as an integral part of the <strong>National</strong> Develo l -<br />

ment Plan. Finally v 2 present the methodology<br />

used in the impler,,ctntation of this project.<br />

Obviously, we have to insist upon social im-<br />

pact from a project of this magnitude, especially<br />

taking into consideration that a high percentage<br />

of the Ecuadorian population is dispersed and is<br />

receiving very marginal benefits from the scien-<br />

tific and technical progress of humanity.<br />

Study of the Present Conditions and<br />

Develaprnent Trends<br />

In an analysis of the electrification sector<br />

En el diagnostico de1 sector electrification realizado prepared for the <strong>National</strong> Development Plan for<br />

para la elaboration de1 Plan <strong>National</strong> de Desarrollo 1980-1984, it is stated that an alternative energy<br />

1980-1984 se senala que la segunda fuente de energia source for Ecuador is its hydraulic resources. The<br />

de1 Ecuador constituyen 10s recursos hidraulicos. El national hydropower potential is estimated at<br />

potential hidroelectrico estimado es de 22000 MW de 22,000 MW; we are not even using 1% of this<br />

10s cuales no se utilizan en la actualidad ni el 1%. En potential. In fact, the structure of power genera-<br />

efecto la estructura de genera&n electrica no cor- tion does not correspond to that potential since<br />

responde a esta potencialidad puesto que el 76% de 76% of the total production is based on thermal<br />

263

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