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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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0 El nivel de inversion de1 proyecto. Obviamente,<br />

10s estudios que se hagan para una planta de 100<br />

M3V excedetian en gran proportion a aquellos<br />

hechos para una de 500 kW o de unit unidad m&s<br />

pequena.<br />

l Consideraciones de seguridad.<br />

En cualquiera de 10s cases debe tomarse en cuenta<br />

que ningun nivel de esfuerzo da& un 100% de<br />

seguridad hidrologica para cualquier inversion. Si 10s<br />

estudios son hechos correcta y juiciosamente, estos<br />

red;&& el margen de err-ores posibles. Sin embargo<br />

hay que tomar en. ruei;ta que nosotros estamos<br />

tratando con anklisis cuyes datos en serie son - en<br />

el mejor de 10s cases - solo una pequefia muestra<br />

de la poblacion total. Ademas, en la mayotia de 10s<br />

cases, tenemos que asumir que el futuro, general-<br />

mente, se <strong>com</strong>portar6 <strong>com</strong>a el pasado. Aunque en el<br />

future inmediato - que por cierto representa la vida<br />

normal o petiodo de inversion de 10s proyectos hidro-<br />

electricos - esta es probablemente unit suposicion<br />

razonable; no hay garantias que de hecho asi sea.<br />

Solamente parece razonable. En esta ultima palabra<br />

yace lo que debe ser un aviso de precaution que debe<br />

extenderse a !a persona o grupo que esti hacienda<br />

10s estudios: Despuks que se haya concluido el<br />

trabajo, hay que retroceder y formular la simple<br />

interrogante: ; Parece raxonable?<br />

Yo no puedo enfatizar demasiado este punto<br />

porque con mucha frecuencia en estos &as usamos<br />

las <strong>com</strong>putadoras para que piensen por nosotros.<br />

Existe tambien la tendencia a querer usar t&micas<br />

. .<br />

muy sofisticadss en todos 10s cases - <strong>com</strong>e: io dice el<br />

proverbio, “usw un marti!lo para ciavar una<br />

tachuela”. Tales procedimientos a menudo nos<br />

obligan a usar <strong>com</strong>putadoras. Y la mayoria de la<br />

gente esti tan asombrada por ellas que rehusan creer<br />

que cuaiquier cnsa producida por una <strong>com</strong>putadora<br />

no sea perfecta, no imports lo que sea: “Entra<br />

Basura.. .Sale Evangelio.”<br />

Cuando se esti preparando para hater un estudio,<br />

uno debe preguntarse: YES esta la mejor manera de<br />

hater el estudio? YES necesario hacerlo de esta<br />

manera? iSe aplica a las circunstancias realistica-<br />

mente? Y, naturalmente, LPuedo basar en 10s<br />

resultados la decision para invertir?<br />

Cuando haya problemas especiales en el diseria de<br />

proyectos pequenos, estos sin duda tienen que ver<br />

con encajar el aproches “mental” a la escala de la<br />

operacidn. La economia de la pequefia planta hidro<br />

electrica pops veces permite el lujo en cuanto a<br />

tiempo y fondos, caractetisticos de instalaciones<br />

mayores. en el estudio de fw.t;hili.d~~ de la peq~xtri_a<br />

26<br />

In all cases it should be realized that no level<br />

of effort will give 100% hydrologic assurance for<br />

any investment. If the studies are done correctly<br />

and judiciously they will reduce the margin of<br />

possible error. But it must be realized that we are<br />

dealing with analyses of data series which are<br />

at best only a small sampie of the total popula-<br />

tion. Furthermore, we are in most cases forced<br />

to assume that the future will, in general,<br />

behave like the past. Although in the short.<br />

future - which the normal life or investment<br />

period of hydroelectric projects certainly repre-<br />

sent - this is probabiy a reasonably good<br />

assumption, there is no proof that that is, in<br />

fact, the case. It only seems reasonable. In that<br />

last word lies what must be a caution to be<br />

extended to the person or group doing the<br />

studies: After you have finished your work, step<br />

back and ask the simple question: does it look<br />

reasonable?<br />

I cannot overemphasize this point because, too<br />

often these days, we use <strong>com</strong>puters to do our<br />

thinking for us. There is also a tendency to want<br />

to use ve;~’ sophisticated techniques in ail cases<br />

- as the expression goes, “using a sledge-<br />

hammer to drive a tack”. Those procedures very<br />

often force us to use <strong>com</strong>puters. And too many<br />

people are so in awe of <strong>com</strong>puters that they<br />

refuse to belive that anything <strong>com</strong>ing therefrom<br />

could be less than perfect, no matter what: “Gar-<br />

bage in...Gospel out”.<br />

V./hen preparing to do a study, one ShOUid ask:<br />

Is this the best way to do the study? Is it<br />

necessary to do it this way? Does it really apply<br />

to the circumstances? And, of course, can I base<br />

an investment decision on the results?<br />

If there are special piobiems in the design of<br />

small projects, they certainly involve those of fit-<br />

ting the “mentai” approach to the scaie of opera-<br />

tion. The economics of small hydro seldom allow<br />

the luxury of time and funds characteristic of<br />

larger installations. In small hydro, the feasibility<br />

study alone must often be viewed as a signifi-<br />

cant financial burden warranting an investment-<br />

type decision by the potential project sponsor.<br />

In general, one of two basic questions is to be<br />

answered in the hydrologic analysis:<br />

0 How much power/energy can be derived from<br />

the development? or,<br />

* Is there sufficient water and head for the<br />

wmnllnt nf nn\l,ar/nnnrntr rn*nnivnA h** +hn .enn*n?<br />

-...--... WI pr..“,,“.,L.,yy IGLf”,,cT” uy lllG UJGIJ.

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