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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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Energia - la capacidad para ejecutar un trabajo. El<br />

t&mino energia el&rica generalmente en uso es el de<br />

Kilovatio-hora y representa energfa (kilovatios) de opera-<br />

tion por cierto petiodo de tiempo (horas).<br />

Valor de Energia - el precio en el mercado de la energia<br />

electrica que se asigna a la energia generada.<br />

Evaporacih - es el proceso por el cual agua se transfor-<br />

ma de su e&do liquid0 o solid0 estado de vapor. En<br />

hidrologia la evaporation es la vaporization que ocurre a<br />

una temperatura 1 punto de ebullicion.<br />

Tanque de Evaporacidn - un tanque abierro con agua<br />

que se usa para medir el nivel de evaporation. La Oficina<br />

Metereologica de 10s E&ados Unidos clasifica el tanque A<br />

<strong>com</strong>a aquel que tenga 4 pies en diametro, 10 pulgadas de<br />

profundidad, colocado sobre un emparrillado de madera de<br />

f&l forma que el borde superior tenga una altura de 16<br />

pulgadas sobre el terreno. El nivel de1 agua dentro de1<br />

tanque es mantenido durante el curso de la observacidn a<br />

una profundidad entre 2 y 3 pulgadas por debajo de1<br />

borde.<br />

Evaporacidn Total - es la suma de1 agua p&dida de<br />

cierto terreno durante cierto petiodo especifico de tiempo<br />

por &ea de transpiracibn de la vegetation y acumulacion<br />

en 10s tejidos de las plantas; por evaporation de las super-<br />

ficies: de aqua, humedad de1 suelo, y nieve, y por intercep<br />

cion. Ha sido Ilamado de diferentes maneras,<br />

“evaporation” “ evaporation de1 terreno“,<br />

“evapotranspiracion”, “@-dida total”, “perdida de agua”,<br />

y “volatilidad.”<br />

Evapotranspiracih - es e! agua perdida per un area de1<br />

suelo por evaporacibn de aguas superficiale, hdmedad de1<br />

sue10 y transpiration vegetal.<br />

Estudio de Foctibilidad - una investigation realizada<br />

para formular un proyecto de hidroenergia y asesorar las<br />

ventajas de su implementzion.<br />

Capacidad Humectante de1 Suelo - es la cantidad de<br />

agua que se puede retener permanentemente en el sue10<br />

en contraposicion a la atrackrin ejercida por la gravedad.<br />

Deficiencia Humectante de1 Buelo - la cantidad de agua<br />

requerida para devolver al suelo su capacidad-humectante.<br />

Energia Firme - la capacidad de generacibn<br />

hidroelectrica de una planta bajo circunstancias<br />

hidrologicas adversas por el interval0 de tiempo y period0<br />

especifico de un sistema de carga particular.<br />

Poteucia Firme - en mercado-tecnia, la energia de una<br />

planta hidroelectrica, cuando el vendedor no puede asumir<br />

entrega de mayor cantidad de energia que la continua-<br />

mente disponible en aiios acuatico minimos o ctiticos. Esta<br />

energfa que puede ser entregada, aCn bajo las peores cir-<br />

cur&in&s, se llama potenri; firme.<br />

Curva de la Frecuencia de InundaciBn - 1. es una<br />

grafica mostrando el Gmero promedio de veces al atio,<br />

representado <strong>com</strong>a la abscisa, en la cual las inundaciones<br />

top rim is about 16 inches from the ground. The water<br />

level in the pan during the course of observation is<br />

maintained between 2 and 3 inches below the rim.<br />

Evaporation, Total - the sum of water lost from a<br />

given land area during any specific time by transpira-<br />

tion from vegetation and building of plant tissue; by<br />

evaporation from water surfaces, moist soil, and<br />

snow; and by interception. It has been variously<br />

termed “evaporation”, “ evaporation from land areas”,<br />

“evapotranspiration”, “total loss”, “water losses”, and<br />

“fly off”.<br />

Evapotranspiration - water withdrawn from a land<br />

area by evaporation from water surfaces and moist<br />

soil and plant transpiration.<br />

Feasibility Study - an investigation performed to for-<br />

mulate a hydropower project and assess its desirabili-<br />

ty for implementation.<br />

Field-moisture Capacity - the quantity of water which<br />

can be permanently retained in the soil in opposition<br />

to the downward pull of gravity.<br />

Field=moisture Deficiency - the quantity of water,<br />

which would be required to restore the soil moisture<br />

to field-moisture capacity.<br />

Firm Energy - the energy generation ability of a<br />

hydropower plant under adverse hydrologic conditions<br />

for the time interval and period specified of a par-<br />

ticular system load.<br />

Firm Power - in marketing, the energy from a<br />

hydroelectric power. The seller cannot assume<br />

delivery of any more power than is continuously<br />

available in minimal or critical water years. This power<br />

on which de!ivery can be assumed, even under worst-<br />

case circumstance, is called firm power.<br />

Flood-frequency Curve - 1. A graph showing the<br />

number of times per year on the average, plotted as<br />

abscissa, that floods of magnitude, indicated by the<br />

ordinate, are equaled or exceeded. 2. A simila: graph<br />

but with recurrence intervals of floods plotted as<br />

abscissa.<br />

Flood, Maximum Probable - the largest flood for<br />

.which there is any reasonable expectancy in this<br />

climatic era.<br />

Flood Plain - a strip of relatively smooth land bordering<br />

a stream, built of sediment carried by the stream<br />

and dropped in the slack water beyond the influence<br />

of the swiftest CITY-:\ nt. It is called a living flood plain<br />

if it is overflowed in times of highwater; but a fossil<br />

flood plain if it is beyond the reach of the highest<br />

flood.<br />

325<br />

Flood Routing - the process of determining pro-<br />

gressively the timing and shape of a flood wave at<br />

successive points along a river.<br />

Fossil Fuels - refers to coal, oil, and natural gas.

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