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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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Metodologias Para Estudios<br />

de Paetibilidad Econhica y<br />

Financiesa<br />

David C. Auslam, Jr. jr Mark I. Menwood<br />

Mark I. Henwood presenta un estudio sucinto de1<br />

papel que 10s analisis econdmico y financier0 pueden<br />

tener en una pequena central de hidroelectricidad.<br />

Diferencia 61 10s elementos de1 analisis para este tipo<br />

Introduccih<br />

En todos 10s sectores de consumo de energia -<br />

desde gobiernos nacionales y corporaciones multinacionales<br />

hasta las m&s pequefias empresas -- se est.5<br />

enfocando gran dnfasis en las fuentes de recurso de<br />

energia con una caractetistica de costo estable por<br />

tiempo prolongado. El impulso primordial es el de<br />

obtener energia sin el escalamiento inexorable que se<br />

anticipa en 10s <strong>com</strong>bustibles a base de petr6leo. Las<br />

fuentes que se pueden renovar son consideradas frecuentemente<br />

corn0 fuentes de energia que no est.&n<br />

sujectas a con&ante subida de1 costo. De las fuentes<br />

de energia renovables, la caida dei agua, o hidroenergia,<br />

es ciertameilte una de las tecnologias m&s<br />

promisoras que es15 disponible de inmediato. Los<br />

proyectos hidro utilizan unit tecnologia establecida<br />

desde mucho tiempo at& y la disponibilidad de<br />

lugares donde se puede utilizar la energia hidrgulica<br />

es excelente en muchos sitios de la Am&ica Latina.<br />

El foco de este articulo es el de estudiar procedimientos<br />

b&icos para el anhlisis econ6mico y financiero<br />

de proyectos hidroel&tricos pequefios para la<br />

electrificaci6n rural decentralizada en la Am&ica<br />

Latina. Estos procedimientos son importantes en la<br />

formula&n de proyc-’ ,,,“s y en la justificaci6n de 10s<br />

mismos ante agencias potencialmente financiadoras.<br />

Probablemente la caracteristica econ6mica m&s<br />

importante de 10s proyectos hidro es la relativa<br />

ausencia de escalaci6n en el costo total de la generacicin<br />

de energia. Una vez que se haya realizado !a inversi6n<br />

initial y se hayan formulado provisiones para<br />

el reembolso, 10s proyectos hidroel6ctricos representan<br />

una fuente de energ5a cuyo costo disminuye<br />

en tirminos reales. Ai presente no hay otra fuente<br />

significativa para la generacidn de energia que ofrezca<br />

la misma seguridad de costo e&able que ofrece la<br />

eneraa hidrgulica. Este hecho, en conjunci6n con la<br />

101<br />

Econornie an Financial<br />

Feasibihity Study<br />

Methodologies<br />

David C. hslam, Jr. and Mark 1. Henwood<br />

Mark I. !ienwood presents a succinct overview<br />

of the role economic and financial analyses can<br />

have in a small hydro project. He differentiates<br />

the analy,sjs elements involved in this type of pro-<br />

ject and developed two examples.<br />

Introduction<br />

In all sectors of energy consumption -- from<br />

national governments and multinational corpora-<br />

tions, to the smallest of enterprises - great em-<br />

phasis is being placed on energy resources with<br />

stable cW patterns over time. The primary thrust<br />

is to obtain energy without the relentless escala-<br />

tion expected in petroleum-based fuels.<br />

Renewable resources are frequently looked to as<br />

energy sources not subject to continual cost<br />

escalation. Of the renewable energy sources,<br />

falling water, or hydropower, is certainly one of<br />

the most promising technologies that is im-<br />

mediately available. Hydro projects use long<br />

established technology and the avaiiability 06<br />

hydroelectric sites is excellent in msrly parts of<br />

Latin America.<br />

The focus of this paper is to discuss basic pro-<br />

cedures for the economic and financial analysis<br />

of small hydroelectric projects for decentralized<br />

rural electrification in Latin America. These pro-<br />

cedures are imoortant in tormulating projects<br />

and in justifying projects to potential lending<br />

agencies.<br />

Probably the most important single economic<br />

characteristic of hydro projects is the relative<br />

absence of escalation in the total cost of power<br />

generation. Once the initial investment is made<br />

and financial provisions are arranged for repay-<br />

ment, hydroelectric projects represent a source<br />

of power whose cost decreasas in real terms.<br />

No other currently significant source of power<br />

generation offers the same stable cost pattern as<br />

hydropower. This fact, coupled with relative<br />

resource availibility, has created the great<br />

worldwide interest in hydropower. Along with the<br />

other factors discussed above, small scale

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