Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

trales pequenas, en el context0 de las obras de1 plan
de desarrollo de1 pafs, no otorgan propaganda a las
entidades financieras; (iii) en ocasiones no existen
analisis de rentabilidad, beneficio & costo, etc. que
las instituciones financieras requieren para probar el
proyecto y justifirarlo ante sus propios organismos
de decision; (iv) las entidades financieras pueden
tener dudas sobre el control de la operacidn y de la
comercializacion de la planta, por su misma
naturaleza de escasa contribution a la cubertura de la
curva de demanda, cosa que puede incidir en la
garantia que deben tener para aprobar un pr6stamo.
Por todas estas razones, y hasta que este programa
tenga mayor acogida entre las instituciones finan-
cieras de desarrollo, creo yo que la financiacidn de las
pequeiias centrales tiene que ser incltida dentro de1
tipo de financiacidn de ayuda de capital (asistencia
financiera concesionaria) principalmente otorgada por
Gobiernos bajo el marco de la Asistencia Financiera
para el Desarrollo. Esta asistencia financiera en que
participan 10s pa&es miembros de1 DAC (Develop-
ment Assistance Committee) y que cada dia tiene la
tendencia a desligar 10s creditos, debera poder ser
utilizada tanto para la import&on de1 equipo, coma
para las obras civiles. La financiacion debera ser
hecha por programas que involucren la construction
sistematica de un ntimero de pequenas centrales por
bienio (parece ser que el period0 de construction pro-
medio de una pequeta central podria ser de esta
durancion), con un estrict cronograma de construc-
cion, con el objet0 de mantener el inter& de 10s
Gobiernos auspiciadores.
Qtras Fuentes de Recursos Financieros
A pesar de que la tendenaia debe ser la de con-
seguir el mayor porcentaje de financiamiento para
estas obras, sin embargo es posible que en ocasiones
no se logre obtener sino una parte de 10s fondos re-
queridos; se debe naturalmente disponer de recursos
de contrapartida locales, 10s cuales pueden ser
generados mediante disposiciones y gravamenes, que
son justificados, eepecialmente si se considera que
estas minicentrales y de mediana capacidad van a ser
principalmente instaladas en areas ruralzs y por lo
tanto caen dentro de programas de electrification
rural, que desde luego invoiucran tambien 10s
sistemas de transmision y distribution; INECEL ha
desarrollado tres metodos de generation de recursos
locales para estos programas.
Mediante la creacidn dt-1 !lamado “Fond0 de Elec-
trificacion Rural,” que se alimenta con el 10% de1
valor facturado de planillas de energfa electrica de
2) since the importance of these power plants is
small, in the context of the overall country
development plan, they provide little publicity for
the financial organizations; 3) a: times there are
no investment return analyses, cost/benefit
studies, etc., which the financial institutions re-
quire for the approval of the project and to justify
it before their own decision makers; 4) the finan-
cial organizations may have doubts as to the
control of the operation and the profitability of
the plants in view of the tiny contribution they
make toward covering the overall demand. This
could affect the guarantee they must have for the
approval of a loan.
For all these reasons, and until this problem
achieves wider acceptance with the development
finance institutions, I believe that small
powerplant financing has to be included in the
type of capital aid financing (concessionary
financial assistance) granted mainly by govern-
ments within the framework of development
finance assistance. This financial assistance, in
which the member countries of DAC (Develop-
ment Assistance Committee) participate and
which shows a growing trend towards granting
unconditional loans, should be used for both the
importation of equipment and for the con-
struciton of civil works. The financing should be
directed to programs that involve the systematic
construction of a number of small powerplants
per biennium (this appears to be the average con-
struction period for a small powerplant) under a
strict construction calendar, in order to maintain
the interest of the sponsoring governments.
Other Financial Resources
Although an attempt should be made to pro-
cure the largest possible amount of financing for
these works, it is nevertheless possible that, at
times, only a part of the funds required might be
obtained. Naturally, there should be local
counterpart funds which can be generated
through laws and taxes, justified particularly
since these small and medium size powerplants
are usually installed in rural areas and, conse-
quently, fall under rural electrification programs
which also involve transmission and distribution
systems. INECEL has developed three methods
for generating local resources for these pro-
grams.
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Through the creation of a so-called “Rural
Electrification Fund” which is replenished with