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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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obstante, en electrificacidn rural, que varia de 150 a<br />

200 metros, la fuerza tensil es de mayor considera-<br />

cion y el co&o total por l&metro de una linea con<br />

postes de madera, <strong>com</strong>parado con el de las columnas<br />

de concrete, se reduce substancialmente.<br />

El resquebrajamiento en 10s caminos de1 campo es<br />

minim0 para 10s pastes de madera pero se puede con-<br />

vertir en un factor considerable con las columnas de<br />

concrete. Los aditamentos para un poste de madera<br />

son simples, lo cual simplifica la instalacion en el<br />

campo. Los aditamentos para las columnas de con-<br />

creto son m&s cares y tienen nivel reducido de<br />

aislacion. Un poste de madera se puede manejar con<br />

m&s facilidad en el campo con equipos simples y no<br />

requiere cimiento especial.<br />

Se pueden producir localmente 10s postes de<br />

madera de larga duration con apreciables ahorros<br />

contrihuyendo asi al adelanto de la electrification<br />

rural y al desarrollo de nuevos establecimientos <strong>com</strong>-<br />

erciales pequenos.<br />

Seleccih de Ba Ruta<br />

En la selection de rutas para las lineas de<br />

distribucidn se ha de seguir las consideraciones de 10s<br />

criterins siguientes:<br />

0 L,a existencia de caminos abiertos en todas las<br />

estaciones para 10s alimentadores trifasicos<br />

principales,<br />

* La existencia de caminos por lo menos abiert,os<br />

en ciertas estaciones para las derivaciones<br />

monofasicas, y<br />

0 La densidad de la poblacion de consumidores.<br />

Las altas densidades de las poblaciones de con-<br />

sumidores, cuando al principio se pase por areas<br />

r-m-ales, producir6.n maximos ingresos de las inver-<br />

&ones iniciales, lo cual es siempre un metodo<br />

deseable. Posteriormente, se debera solicitar con-<br />

sumidores potenciales ubicados sobre o en las<br />

cercanias de las facilidades existentes en el orden<br />

siguiente:<br />

1. Aquellos que puedan conectarse directamente<br />

desde las facilidades secundarias existentes,<br />

2. Aquellos que se puedan cone&r por medio de<br />

extensiones de las facilidades secundarias<br />

existentes,<br />

3. Aquellos que puedan ser servidos por las lineas<br />

existentes con la adicion de un transformador y<br />

facilidades secundarias,<br />

4. Extensione; de lineas primarias de no m&s de<br />

dos trechos.<br />

Long-lasting wood poles can be produced<br />

locally in many areas at appreciable savings<br />

thereby contributing to the advance of rural elec-<br />

trification and the development of new small<br />

businesses.<br />

Route Selection<br />

The following criteria should be considered in<br />

selecting routes for distribution lines.<br />

- The existence of all weather roads for main<br />

three phase feeders,<br />

- The existence of at least seasonal roads for<br />

single-phase taps, and<br />

- Consumer density<br />

High consumer densities, in the first pass<br />

through a rural area, will yield maximum returns<br />

from initial investments, which is always a<br />

desirable approach. Next, one should solicit<br />

potential consumers located on or near existing<br />

facilities in the following order:<br />

1. Those who may be connected directly from<br />

existing secondary facilities,<br />

2. Those who may be connected through the<br />

extension of existing secondary facilities,<br />

3. Those who may be served from existing<br />

lines with the addition of a transformer and<br />

secondary facilities,<br />

4. Extensions of primary lines of no more than<br />

two spans.<br />

218<br />

Other Distribution Equipment<br />

In order to minimize below the ground corro-<br />

sion problems, galvanized steel ground rods and<br />

anchor rods are re<strong>com</strong>mended.<br />

Customer meters add to the overall cost of the<br />

project and some rural systems have, operated<br />

without them. In such cases, each system con-<br />

sumer pays a standard monthly rate regardless<br />

of the amount of energy used. Eventually, a few<br />

large consumers may use most of the system<br />

energy and, in effect, be subsidized by the other<br />

consumers. To prevent this inequity, we re<strong>com</strong>-<br />

mend that consumer meters be installed.<br />

Socket meters designed for outside installa-<br />

tions are re<strong>com</strong>mended to eliminate the necessi-<br />

ty for constructing a weather-proof box to shelter<br />

the meter. A fringe benefit of these meters is the<br />

ease of performing disconnects for non-payment<br />

of bills. In lieu of disconnecting the service WireS<br />

from the secondary, which necessitates a<br />

lineman, the meter can be isolated from the<br />

socket by means of a plastic cap, costing less

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