Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com
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10. Ubicacion de sdtos de agua conocidos o ter-<br />
renos empinados en el area.<br />
11. Caractetisticas de1 terreno en el area, rocoso,<br />
sedimentado, arcilloso, arenoso, etc.<br />
Cuando la informscion ennumberada arriba est.4<br />
<strong>com</strong>pilada, se simplifica la bdsqueda de un lugar.<br />
Entonces se puede escoger 10s lugares posibles me-<br />
diante la ecuacion de aumentos de costo de<br />
transmision <strong>com</strong>parados con 10s incrementos de1<br />
costo de la turbina-generador o 10s costos de desar-<br />
rollo de1 lugar.<br />
Si no se la ha escogido desde ya, se debe elegir el<br />
tipo de turbina. En paises donde hay lugares con<br />
caidas en exceso de 20 metros, usualmente se puede<br />
in&alar turbinas de tipo a reaction que resultan en<br />
ahorro en 10s costos tanto de1 equip0 <strong>com</strong>a de la<br />
instalacion.<br />
Seleccidn de Equipo<br />
1. Obtener, o seleccionar, el tamario de la turbina<br />
en H,.P. or kW.<br />
2. Obtener, o seleccionar, las caractetisticas<br />
electricas. Etitese de.<br />
3. Optimirar para conseguir 10s m&s bajos costos<br />
con las mayores caidas y 10s flujos mas bajos.<br />
4. Escoger todos 10s articulos preparados en<br />
paquetes de1 “agua-al alambre” para facilitar el<br />
transporte.<br />
5. Elegir equipos con piezas de repuesto<br />
disponibles y hater pedidos de piezas que se<br />
puedan reemplazar <strong>com</strong>a parte de1 gasto<br />
original de equipos.<br />
6. En lugares remotos, evitar conversion de dc a<br />
ac siempre que sea posible.<br />
7. Evitar <strong>com</strong>ponentes para 10s cuales no hay ser-<br />
vicio en la localidad o que no tengan piezas de<br />
repuesto en almacenaje.<br />
8. Procurar seieccionar sistemas que puedan ser<br />
duplicados en otros lugares y hasta quiza en<br />
otras dimensiones.<br />
Cuando se tenga disponible la information descrip-<br />
ta arriba, se puede intentar seleccionar el lugar.<br />
Siempre se ha de encontrar m&s barato utilizar zan-<br />
jas o canales de destio que desarrollar la caida por<br />
construction de paredes de contention. Tambien ha<br />
de resultar mas barato substituir caida por flujos en<br />
las ecuaciones de energia. Los trabajos civiles (movi-<br />
miento de tierra) seran menc4s costosos cuando se<br />
hayan encontrado 10s mejores puntos iniermedios<br />
en la cuestion de terrenos empinados versus planos.<br />
157<br />
11. Character of area soils, rocky, silt, clay,<br />
sand, etc.<br />
When the above data are available, the search<br />
for a site is simplified. Candidate sites may be<br />
chosen by equating increased transmission costs<br />
against increased turbine-generator or site-<br />
development costs.<br />
If it has not already been selected, the type of<br />
turbine must be chosen. In countries where sites<br />
are available with heads in excess of 20 meters,<br />
it is usually possible to install reaction-type tur-<br />
bines with savings in both equipment and in-<br />
stallation costs.<br />
Equipment Selection<br />
1. Obtain, or select, the size of turbine in H.P.<br />
or kW.<br />
2. Obtain, or select, electrical characteristics.<br />
Avoid dc.<br />
3. Optimize for lowest cost with greatest head<br />
& lowest flows.<br />
4. Select all items in water-to-wire package for<br />
ease of transport.<br />
5. Pick equipment with spare parts availibility<br />
and order replaceable parts as part of the<br />
original equipment expenditure.<br />
6. In remote locations, avoid conversion of dc<br />
to ac if possible.<br />
7. Avoid all <strong>com</strong>ponents which are not readily<br />
serviceable with the local people and on-<br />
hand spare parts.<br />
8. Attempt to select systems that can be<br />
duplicated at other sites and perhaps even<br />
in other sizes.<br />
With the above information available, site<br />
selection may be attempted. It will always be<br />
found cheaper to use diversion ditches or canals<br />
than to develop head by impoundment. It will<br />
also prove to be cheaper to substitute head for<br />
flow in your power equations. Civil (earth-moving)<br />
work will be less costly when the best <strong>com</strong>-<br />
promise has been made in the matter of steep<br />
versus flat terrain. When a candidate site has<br />
been chosen, three factors may be costed which,<br />
when added together, will give the delivered cost<br />
of power: water supply, equipment, and transmis-<br />
sion.<br />
When the site selected can pass the following<br />
tests, then it would be well to attempt to cost the<br />
equipment supply and erection required to place<br />
a station in operation at this point. I regret giving