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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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10. Ubicacion de sdtos de agua conocidos o ter-<br />

renos empinados en el area.<br />

11. Caractetisticas de1 terreno en el area, rocoso,<br />

sedimentado, arcilloso, arenoso, etc.<br />

Cuando la informscion ennumberada arriba est.4<br />

<strong>com</strong>pilada, se simplifica la bdsqueda de un lugar.<br />

Entonces se puede escoger 10s lugares posibles me-<br />

diante la ecuacion de aumentos de costo de<br />

transmision <strong>com</strong>parados con 10s incrementos de1<br />

costo de la turbina-generador o 10s costos de desar-<br />

rollo de1 lugar.<br />

Si no se la ha escogido desde ya, se debe elegir el<br />

tipo de turbina. En paises donde hay lugares con<br />

caidas en exceso de 20 metros, usualmente se puede<br />

in&alar turbinas de tipo a reaction que resultan en<br />

ahorro en 10s costos tanto de1 equip0 <strong>com</strong>a de la<br />

instalacion.<br />

Seleccidn de Equipo<br />

1. Obtener, o seleccionar, el tamario de la turbina<br />

en H,.P. or kW.<br />

2. Obtener, o seleccionar, las caractetisticas<br />

electricas. Etitese de.<br />

3. Optimirar para conseguir 10s m&s bajos costos<br />

con las mayores caidas y 10s flujos mas bajos.<br />

4. Escoger todos 10s articulos preparados en<br />

paquetes de1 “agua-al alambre” para facilitar el<br />

transporte.<br />

5. Elegir equipos con piezas de repuesto<br />

disponibles y hater pedidos de piezas que se<br />

puedan reemplazar <strong>com</strong>a parte de1 gasto<br />

original de equipos.<br />

6. En lugares remotos, evitar conversion de dc a<br />

ac siempre que sea posible.<br />

7. Evitar <strong>com</strong>ponentes para 10s cuales no hay ser-<br />

vicio en la localidad o que no tengan piezas de<br />

repuesto en almacenaje.<br />

8. Procurar seieccionar sistemas que puedan ser<br />

duplicados en otros lugares y hasta quiza en<br />

otras dimensiones.<br />

Cuando se tenga disponible la information descrip-<br />

ta arriba, se puede intentar seleccionar el lugar.<br />

Siempre se ha de encontrar m&s barato utilizar zan-<br />

jas o canales de destio que desarrollar la caida por<br />

construction de paredes de contention. Tambien ha<br />

de resultar mas barato substituir caida por flujos en<br />

las ecuaciones de energia. Los trabajos civiles (movi-<br />

miento de tierra) seran menc4s costosos cuando se<br />

hayan encontrado 10s mejores puntos iniermedios<br />

en la cuestion de terrenos empinados versus planos.<br />

157<br />

11. Character of area soils, rocky, silt, clay,<br />

sand, etc.<br />

When the above data are available, the search<br />

for a site is simplified. Candidate sites may be<br />

chosen by equating increased transmission costs<br />

against increased turbine-generator or site-<br />

development costs.<br />

If it has not already been selected, the type of<br />

turbine must be chosen. In countries where sites<br />

are available with heads in excess of 20 meters,<br />

it is usually possible to install reaction-type tur-<br />

bines with savings in both equipment and in-<br />

stallation costs.<br />

Equipment Selection<br />

1. Obtain, or select, the size of turbine in H.P.<br />

or kW.<br />

2. Obtain, or select, electrical characteristics.<br />

Avoid dc.<br />

3. Optimize for lowest cost with greatest head<br />

& lowest flows.<br />

4. Select all items in water-to-wire package for<br />

ease of transport.<br />

5. Pick equipment with spare parts availibility<br />

and order replaceable parts as part of the<br />

original equipment expenditure.<br />

6. In remote locations, avoid conversion of dc<br />

to ac if possible.<br />

7. Avoid all <strong>com</strong>ponents which are not readily<br />

serviceable with the local people and on-<br />

hand spare parts.<br />

8. Attempt to select systems that can be<br />

duplicated at other sites and perhaps even<br />

in other sizes.<br />

With the above information available, site<br />

selection may be attempted. It will always be<br />

found cheaper to use diversion ditches or canals<br />

than to develop head by impoundment. It will<br />

also prove to be cheaper to substitute head for<br />

flow in your power equations. Civil (earth-moving)<br />

work will be less costly when the best <strong>com</strong>-<br />

promise has been made in the matter of steep<br />

versus flat terrain. When a candidate site has<br />

been chosen, three factors may be costed which,<br />

when added together, will give the delivered cost<br />

of power: water supply, equipment, and transmis-<br />

sion.<br />

When the site selected can pass the following<br />

tests, then it would be well to attempt to cost the<br />

equipment supply and erection required to place<br />

a station in operation at this point. I regret giving

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