23.04.2013 Views

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

Impactss Ambientales de la<br />

Energia Hidroelkctrica<br />

en Pequefia Escala<br />

David Zoellner<br />

Cuando quiera se tome action para alterar el medio<br />

ambiente fkico, hay que confrontar consecuencias,<br />

a&was positivas, algunas negativas. la hidroelec-<br />

tricidad a pequefia escala es generalmente menos<br />

destructiva que muchos otros proyectos de servicio<br />

ptiblico. No obstante hay problemas potenciales y<br />

oportunidades sinergeticas que 10s planificadores<br />

deben considerar en el desarrollo de pequefias cen-<br />

trales hidro. David Zoellner 10s bosqueja asi <strong>com</strong>a<br />

tambikn algunos de 10s mbtodos que se pueden<br />

utilizar para efectuar analises sobre el impact0<br />

Introducci6n<br />

Al planificar es necesario considerar tantos<br />

impactos de un desarrollo determinado <strong>com</strong>a sea<br />

posible. De este modo, 10s impactos de todo tipo<br />

pueden ser factoreados en el proceso de planificaci6n<br />

antes de tomar la decision de si se ha de seguir<br />

adelante con el proyecto o no. En este proceso se<br />

realizan esfuerzos para considerar tanto 10s impactos<br />

positivos <strong>com</strong>a 10s negativos. Este metodo se aplica<br />

tanto a proyectos especificos de un sitio <strong>com</strong>a a un<br />

esquema de desarrollo regional o a un plan national.<br />

El objective basic0 de1 asesoramiento de 10s impactos<br />

es el de determinar si 10s impactos positivos pesan<br />

m&a que 10s negativos. La decision titima de si se ha<br />

de proseguir o no con un proyecto o programa<br />

especifico es de carkter politico.<br />

Quienes tomen la decision final deben factorear<br />

todos 10s impactos significativos tales <strong>com</strong>a el social,<br />

institutional, ambient-al, econ6mico y ticnico en una<br />

vista de conjunto. Hay muchos m&odos y ticnicas<br />

disponibles para asistir a quienes deban tomar deci-<br />

siones en la evaluaci6n de 10s impactos, riesgos de<br />

asesoramiento, opciones de desarrollo, para<br />

finalmente tomar una decisi6n.<br />

El asesoramiento de1 impact0 ambiental es uno de<br />

dichos metodos. Es un mbtodo de planificacidn que<br />

con frecuencia resulta en la multiplicaci6n de 10s<br />

beneficios que se puedan derivar de un proyecto<br />

determinado. El control de las inundaciones y el<br />

desarrollo de la pesca son beneficios ambientales que<br />

se derivan con facilidad de 10s proyectos de peque-&as<br />

77<br />

nvironment Assessment of<br />

<strong>Small</strong> Scale ydropower<br />

David Zoellner<br />

Whenever action is taken to alter the physcial<br />

environment, there are consequences: some<br />

positive, some negative. <strong>Small</strong>-scale hydropower<br />

is generally less destructive than many other<br />

public works projects. Wowever, there are poten-<br />

tial problems and synergistic opportunities that<br />

planners should consider in developing small<br />

hydro. David Zoellner outlines these and some<br />

of the methods that may be used in environ-<br />

mental impact analyses.<br />

Introduction<br />

In planning it is necessary to consider as many<br />

of the impacts of a given development as pos-<br />

sible. That way, the impacts of ail possible out-<br />

<strong>com</strong>es way be factored into the planning process<br />

before a decision is made on whether or not to<br />

proceed. In this process, efforts are made to con-<br />

sider both positive and negative impacts. This<br />

holds true for a site specific project, a regional<br />

development scheme, or a national plan. The<br />

basic objective in impact assessment is to deter-<br />

mine whether the positive impacts outweigh the<br />

negative ones. The ultimate decision of whether<br />

or not to proceed with a particular project or pro-<br />

gram is a political one.<br />

The decision-maker must factor all of the<br />

significant social, institutional, environmental,<br />

economic and technological impacts into an<br />

aggregated picture. There are many tools and<br />

techniques available to assist decision-makers in<br />

evaluating impacts, assessing risks, developing<br />

options and in finally reaching a decision.<br />

The environmental impact assessment is one<br />

of these tools. It is a planning tool that often<br />

results in multiplication of the benefits derivable<br />

from a given project. Flood control and fisheries<br />

development are environmental benefits that are<br />

readily available from small hydroelectric pro-<br />

jects. The essence of an environmental assess-<br />

ment is that it is an opportunity to take a broad<br />

perspective on a given project. Rather than an

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!