Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

que en esta decada solamente estuvieron en
etapa de investigation previa y disefio. En ese
tiempo todavia la crisis energetica no habia
sucedido, de modo que el cost0 de operation de
dichas centrales diesel todavfa eran soportables.
4. Los Municipios,cantones y parroquias o sea las
comunidades encargadas de1 bien social dejaron
de preocuparse de1 abastecimiento de ener@a
electrica y se promovid la formation de Em-
presas Electricas locales encargadas de1
abastecimiento y comercializacion de la energia.
Con solo dos politicas correctivas que quiza
pudieron haber sido adoptadas en esa d&da,
hubiera sido posible cambiar basicamente la
situation de1 desarrollo de1 secto: a) El seguir
promoviendo la construction de pequenas cen-
trales hidroekctricas y b) El permitir que cual-
quier ente organizado en beneficio de la com-
unidad, construya centrales hidroelectricas bajo
control y supervision de INECEL.
En la decada de 1970-1980 el problema continua;
las centrales a diesel poliferan por falta de incentive
para las pequefias plantas hidroelectricas; no se logra
cubrir suficientemente la demanda porque la primera
central hidroelectrica de1 plan de INECEL se ter-
mina de construir con algunos ties de retrazo y
todatia acontece la crisis energetica mundial, lo que
hate pensar seriamente en continuar construyendo
centrales t&micas en base de combustible fosil de
petroleo. Esta crisis por lo tanto actia coma un
acicate, que quiza el mundo no pens6 en que podria
venir revestido de tal gravedad, a tal punto de con-
vertir en fracas0 financier0 las inversiones que re
cientemente hicieron muchos pa&es en centrales
tirmicas de combustible de petrbleo.
Entonces es cuando el mundo en forma rational,
retrospectivamente empieza a mirar su pasado y en-
contrar que a la vuelta de cada curva de1 riachuelo
vecino, existe una posibilidad energetica que puede
ser aprovechada aceleradamente y desarrolla nueva
tecnologia para reducir 10s costos de manufactura de1
equipo, mediante la estandarizacidn de1 mismo y de la
construction, mediante la simplificaci6n de las obras
civiles. Esta es la filosoffa de las micro-centrales de
cuya financiacion y aspectos organizativos y geren-
ciales voy a ocuparme.
Financiacih
Continuando con la historia, las pequenas centrales
hidroel&tricas fueron financiadas basicamente en el
siguiente esquema:
decade, progressed only through the
research and design phases. At that time,
the energy crisis had not yet arrived and
consequently the cost of operating these
diesel power plants was still affordable.
4. The municipalities, counties and parishes,
i.e., the communities responsible for the
welfare of the population, stopped worrying
about the supply of electricity and promoted
the establishment of local electric power
companies to supply and sell power. With
only two corrective policies that could
perhaps have been adopted in that decade,
it might have been possible to basically
change the status of the development of the
sector: a) Continue promoting the construc-
tion of small hydro powerplants and b) Allow
any community organization to build
hydropowerplants under INECEL’s control
and supervision.
In the 1970-1980 decade, the problem con-
tinues; diesel plants proliferate due to tack of in-
centives for small hydropowerplants; demand is
not fully met since the first hydropowerplant in
INECEL’s plan has just been completed several
years behind schedule and the world energy
crisis still prevails. The current situation raises
serious doubts as to the advisability of continu-
ing to build thermal plants utilizing fossil oil as
fuel. Consequently, the energy crisis, which ap-
parently the world did not think would be so
grave, has become such an important considera-
tion that it has made the recent investments of
many countries in thermal power plants based on
oil consumption financially unprofitable.
It is at this point that the world is beginning to
examine analytically its past experiences and is
finding that at the bend of each nearby stream
there is a power resource that can be immediate-
ly utilized. New technology is being developed to
reduce equipment manufacturing costs through
standardization and construction costs through
the simplification of civil works. This is the
philosophy underlying the micro-hydro plants
with whose financing, organizational and
management aspects I am going to deal.
276
Financing
Continuing along historical lines, the small
hydroelectric powerplants were basically fin-
anced in the following way: