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Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

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plan national, el Ecuador da enfasis a la producciljn<br />

local de equipos para energia hidroel&trica. Asi el<br />

financiamiento es destinado a la manufactura de<br />

equipos en vez de a la importacidn de1 equipo. Uno<br />

de 10s beneficios de esta estrategia es la eventual<br />

oporttmidad para exportar, inherente en el desarroilo<br />

de la infraestructura para fabricacidn local.<br />

Los e&udiantes de ia Universidad PolitGcniea est.&n<br />

envueltos en el estudio de la tecnologia<br />

hidroel&trica, segGn nos cuenta el Prof. Lenili<br />

Ubidia. La universidad esti trabajando hacia el<br />

moment0 cuando podran trabajar con las formas<br />

disponibles de la tecnologia hidroel&trica. No<br />

obstante, por de pronto se deben restringir a las for-<br />

mas mS,s sim.ples. El Prof. Ubidia sugiri6 que setia<br />

importante fabricar una turbina que pueda tener un<br />

10Y0 o 20% menos de1 rendimiento de una turbina<br />

dptima importada, beneficiando asi a la manufactura<br />

local.<br />

La universidad esti actualmente en proceso de<br />

probar el control de carga desarrollado localmente.<br />

De este modo se podrtin resolver 10s problemas de<br />

fabricacibn en el Ecuador de 10s pequefios proyectos<br />

hidroel&tricos independientemente de 10s<br />

abastecedores extranjeros.<br />

El Prof. Alfred0 Ayora ilustr6 que tal esfuerzo<br />

local puede producir cantidades significativas de elec-<br />

tricidad con un metodo de costo efectivo. El describid<br />

un proyecto existente en el Ecuador desde 10s prin-<br />

cipios de 1970 que esti produciendo 350 kW de elec-<br />

tricidad por menos cost0 que la producida por el<br />

gobierno. Aunque fuG desarrollado por una industria<br />

privada, este proyecto involucr6 considerable esfuer-<br />

zo voluntario de la <strong>com</strong>unidad.<br />

La estrategia utilizada enfoc6 en soluciones pr&c-<br />

ticas en la planificaci6n y en el eptimo uso de 10s<br />

recursos disponibles. Ciertos alumnos de la Univer-<br />

sidad Cat&a presentaron este proyecto <strong>com</strong>a su<br />

tesis de grado. Con excepci6n de la importacidn de la<br />

turbina que vino de Alemania y el cemento, unit<br />

mezcladora de hormigon y las varillas de hierro que<br />

fueron transportados desde Quito, todos 10s otros<br />

materiales y la mano de obra utilizados en el proyec-<br />

to provinieron de 1s localidad.<br />

El resultado fue la generacicin el&trica prgctica, no<br />

un proyecto que asombrara al mundo con su modelo<br />

de ingenieria, con 10s resultantes costos elevados. El<br />

financiamiento de ia obra f& concedido por ia Cor-<br />

poraci6n Financiera <strong>National</strong>. Se anticipa que en<br />

1981 se ha14 ei pago final sobre dicha deuda<br />

(originalmente de 6,000,OO de sucres). El costo pro-<br />

sought for equipment manufacture rather than<br />

for the importation of equipment. One of the<br />

benefits of this strategy is the eventual export<br />

opportunities inherent in development of the<br />

local manufacturing infrastructure.<br />

Students at the Polytechnic University are in-<br />

volved in the study of hydropower technology, ac-<br />

cording to Professor Lenin Ubidia. The university<br />

is working toward the time when they will be able<br />

to work with the available forms of hydro<br />

technology. For now, however, they must restrict<br />

themselves to the simpler forms. Prof. Ubidia<br />

suggested that it is worthwhi!e to give up 10 to<br />

20 percent in operating efficiency for the benefit<br />

of local manufacturing.<br />

The university is in the process of testing<br />

locally-developed speed and load controllers.<br />

This ac<strong>com</strong>plishment is a critical element in<br />

making Ecuador’s small hydro projects indepen.<br />

dent of foreign suppliers.<br />

That such a local effort could produce signifi-<br />

cant amounts of electricity in a cost-effective<br />

manner was illustrated by Professor Alfred0<br />

Ayora. He described a project in place in Ecuador<br />

since the early 1970’s that is producing 350 kW<br />

of electricity for less cost than that produced by<br />

the government. While privately developed, this<br />

project involved considerable <strong>com</strong>munity and<br />

volunteer effort.<br />

The strategy used in the project centered on<br />

practical solutions in planning and best use of<br />

available resources. Students at the Catholic<br />

University were involved as a senior thesis pro-<br />

ject. Except for the importation of the turbine<br />

from Germany and cement, a cement mixer and<br />

reinforcing bars from Quito, all other materials<br />

and labor used were local.<br />

The resu!t was practical electrical generation,<br />

not a showcase project with the attendant high<br />

costs. Financing for the project was obtained<br />

from the <strong>National</strong> Financing Corporation. In 1981,<br />

it is expected that the final payment on that debt<br />

(originally 6,000,OOO sucres) will be made. The<br />

cost of the 3,000,OOO kWh per year project<br />

amounted to US!4686 per installed kW.<br />

INECEL is working to make sure that projects<br />

such as the one above are not exceptions,<br />

reported Eng. Hector Viteri. He suggested that<br />

there are 800-1,000 sites in Ecuador capable of<br />

supporting 100 kW hydroelectric piants based on<br />

a hydrographic survey iNECEL is conducting.<br />

Plants ranging in size from 30 kW to 300 kW will<br />

318

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