Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

de1 proyecto y liltimamente resukar5 en mejores
proyectos.
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Los costos de1 proyecto son 10s costos requeridos a
trav& de1 tiempo para consttir y operar una planta
hidroektriea. Los costos anuales y 10s requisitos de1
capita; serfin desarrollados en las porciones civiles,
mecgnicas y ektricas de 10s estudios de1 proyecto.
Esto cklculos estimativos por lo general han de:
i. Ser declarados en dblaree de1 tie en que se
realice el estudio.
2. Suministrar un patrdn de 10s gastos de1 costo de
capital para cada afio de la construcci6n. Esto
serA tipicamente expresado coma porcentajes de1
costo toal estimado por aiio.
S.Indicar si 10s costos e&in sujetos ;L escalamiento.
4.Proveer fondos para reparaci6n y repuesto de
equipos mayores necesarios para la operaci6n de1
proyecto durante el period0 de1 financiamiento.
Para 10s proyectos mayores con extensos periodos
de construc&n, el yatr6n de gastos puede tener
efectos importantes en ia economia de1 proyecto.
Para ias pequefias plantas hidrdulicas decentralizadas
en consideraci6n aqti, 10s periodos de construcci6n
han de ser cortos por lo general y en consecuencia
10s p2trones de gastos no tendran tanta importancia.
La Tabla 1 presenta un resumen de las fuentes
generales de informaci6n acerca de1 cost0 de1
proyecto. Para ios proyectos pequefios en considera-
ci6n, esta informaci6n podr5 ser totalmente generada
por una persona y podr5 ser considerablemente
simplificada en comparacidn con la requerida de un
proyecto de multimegawatts. El nivel de1 detalle de
cost0 y su precisi6n tendrgn que ver con las cir-
cunstancias de la operaci6n y el costo total de1
proyecto en consideracibn.
Evaluacih Econbmica
El anfilisis econ6mico trata primordialmente de1
desarrollo y aplicaci6n de1 anhlisis de beneficio y
costo que es e! procedimiento usado rnes frecuente-
mente para la evaluaci6n de la economia de1
proyecto. El objective de este tipo de an&!isis es rela-
nionar todos 10s beneficios econGmicos de1 proyecto a
todos 10s costos econ6micos de1 proyecto que resultan
a quien auspicia el proyecto. La extensi6n apropiada
de1 an5lisis (10s beneficios y costos que se deban
incluir en el anklisis) depende en g-ran escala de la
naturaleza de la organizacibn auspiciadora. Los com-
ponentes importantes de1 an&lisis econdmico son 10s
costos anuales iniciales de1 proyecto y 10s costos
4. Provide funds for repair and r+!ac2ment of
major equipment necessary for proiect
operation through ,the financing period.
ioi n-iajoi Z&iojecis Witi- iei-,gtiIy i;oi,sifuciiorj
periods, the expenditure pattern can have impor-
tant effects on project economics. For the small
decentralized hydro projects being considered
here, short construction periods wiil be the rule
and consequently the expenditure pattern may
not be very important.
Table 1 summarizes the generai sources of the
project cost information. For the small project
being considered, this information may all be
generated by one parson and may be con-
siderably simplified over that required for a multi-
megawatt project. The level of cost detail, and its
accuracy, will be tied to the circumstances at
hand and to the overall cost of the contemplated
project.
Economic Evaluation
Economic analysis deals primarily with the
development and application of benefit-cost
analysis which is the most frequently used pro-
cedure for project economic evaluation. The ob-
jective of this type of analysis is to relate all pro-
ject economic benefits to all project economic
costs accruing to the project sponsor. The ap-
propriate scope of the analysis (the benefits and
costs that should be included in the analysis)
depends largely on the nature of the sponsoring
organization. Important ccmponents of the
economic analysis are the project’s initial and
recurring annual costs and annual revenues.
These items are the primary concern in the finan-
cial analysis. However, other costs and benefits
not included in the project financial analysis may
properly be included in the economic analysis.
An example would be fishery benefits accruing
from establishing an impoundmer:t for small
hydro purposes. Note that such benefits would
accrue to the area, but probably would not in-
fluence the finances of the project.
Framework of Ecomomic Evaluation. TQe most
efficient use of resources is the objective of
economic analysis as measured by economic
evaluation criteria such as the benefit/cost (B/C)
ratio. This objective will generally be met if the
project net benefits are maximized and the scope
of the analysis is properly formulated. Within this
t:‘smework, many small hydroelectric projects
LX! be analyzed as single-purpose, stand-alone
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