Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Consideraciones Sobre la
Distribucih para Proyectos
idroekctricos Mini/Micro
Bard Jackson
el de informar a 10s planificadores e ingenieros de 10s
proyectos acerca de 10s tipos, cantidades y costo de
las facilidades de distribucidn requerido para ofrecer
soporte a un proyecto de hidroenergia mini/micro.
No va a 10s detalles de 10s requisitos especiales que
se deben disefiar en un sistema de distribucibn, sino
mas bien enfoca en algunos de 10s topicos aplicables a
las estaciones hidroelectricas mini/micro y a la elec-
trificacion rural.
Introduccih
Basicamente, en el generador de una facilidad
hidroelectrica mini/micro se produce corriente
electrica alternada, transformada a un voltaje m5.s
alto de distribution (primaria), transferida a las
cargas de1 sistema por medio de las lineas de
distribution, luego se las transforma al voltaje de ser-
vicio (secundario) para uso de 10s consumidores. El
costo de las facilidades de distribution sera una
mayor parte componente de1 proyecto hidroelectrico,
a menos que exista al presente a&in otro sistema de
distribution que tenga otra fuente de energia. El
costo de la distribucidn puede alcanzar hasta aproxi-
madamente 50% de1 costo de1 capital requerido para
proporcionar servicio a ios consumidores w-ales. De
ahi que un buen entendimiento de1 sist.ema de
distribution, coma parte de un proyecto hidroelec-
ttico mini/micro, es esencial para realizar un buen
estudio de factibilidad.
PPaneanaiento Wcnico
Un sistema de distribucidn bien disenado reduce al
minim0 el costo inicial de1 capital, las perdidas
anuales de energia, el costo de operation, y el costo
future de1 capital, cuando se construyan adiciones al
sistema. El planificador es confrontado inicialmente
con varias diferentes combinaciones de diseno de
voltaje, medidas de la linea de conduecion y con-
figuraciones de1 sistema que podtian todos funcionar
adecuadamente. Adem&, el planificador debe con-
siderar factores tales coma la seguridad, depen-
dabilidad, e impactos de1 uso de la propiedad real, 10s
Bard Jackson
Leon Evans
siderations
Ydr
inform planners and project engineers of the
types, quantity, and costs of distribution facilities
required to support a mini/micro hydropower pro-
ject. It does not go into the details of the special
requirements that must be designed into a distri-
bution system, but rather highlights some of the
issues applicable to mini/micro hydropower sta-
tions and rural electrification.
Introduction
Basically, AC electric power from a mini/micro
hydroelectric facility is produced at the
generator, transformed to a higher distribution
(primary) voltage, transferred to system loads
over the distribution lines, then transformed
down to the service (secondary) voltage where it
is used by consumers. The cost for distribution
facilities will be a major part of the hydroelectric
project, unless a distribution system presently
exists with some other power source. Distribution
cost can account for about 50% of the capital
cost required to serve rural consumers. Hence, a
good understanding of the distribution system,
as part of a mini/micro hydropower project, is
essential for a sound feasibility study.
Technical Planning
A well-designed distribution system minimizes
the initial capital cost, the annual energy losses,
the operating cost, and the future capital cost
when building for system growth. The planner is
initially faced with several different combinations
of design voltages, line conductor sizes, and
system configurations which all could perform
adequately. In addition, the planner must con-
sider factors such as reliability, safety, and land
use impacts which are not easiiy quantified.
Mathematical expressions can be use to deter-
mine the most economical choice; but the
number of factors is so high that the expressions
become complicated, difficult and unsatisfactory.
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