23.04.2013 Views

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

2. Los costos incluye;l flete e inst&kor!<br />

3. Costos indicados para una plar& de unidad sencilla.<br />

4. Para determinar costos para una planta con nnidades multiples:<br />

3. Determinar el cost0 de la curva para la capacidad de la planta.<br />

b. Substraer el costo de ia Tabla A para la capacidad de la planta<br />

c. Agregar el costo de la Tabla A para la capacidad de la unidad y multiplicar por el numero de<br />

unidades<br />

5. Costo base a julio de 1978, preparado por Tudor Engineering Co.<br />

Notes:<br />

1. The equipment and P~~IWZ for which costs ire included are:<br />

a. D-C switchgear and batteries.<br />

b. Station service transformer and switchgear.<br />

c. Main control switchboard.<br />

d. Wire and caule system.<br />

e. Conduit system.<br />

f. Grounding system.<br />

g. Lighting system.<br />

2. Costs include freight and installation.<br />

3. Costs are shown for a single unit plant.<br />

4. To determine costs for a plant with multiple units:<br />

a. Determine cost from curve for plant capacity.<br />

b. Subtract cost from Tabie A for plant capacity.<br />

c. Add cost from Table A for unit capacity times number of units.<br />

5. Cost base is July 1975.<br />

Transformadores<br />

Generalidades. El transformador de la enerfia es<br />

un dispositivo altamente eficiente para transformar<br />

el voltaje de1 nivel de generaci6n al de transmisibn.<br />

Las eficiencias caen por lo general al nivel de 99 por<br />

ciento. Para las instalaciones hidroekctricas mini y<br />

pequefias se requere un solo ttransformador a dos<br />

bobinas de1 tipo de subestaci6n a aceite. El tanque<br />

principal es a presidn de nitr6geno para inspeccionar<br />

la ruptura de1 recipiente y con p&dida de Ia presi6n<br />

para ocasionar que suene la alsrma. La entrada y<br />

salida de la barra colectwa al trans:ormador se<br />

realiza mediante bujes de porcelana que pueden ser<br />

suministrados con corriente y transformadores poten-<br />

ciales para medidores, relevo e instrumentaci6n. Las<br />

instalaciones hidroekctricas pequefias normalmente<br />

est.&n limitadas a transformadores al aire libre con<br />

enfriamiento de aire forzado, ~610 para &as extrema-<br />

damente calurosos o para condiciones de sobrecarga<br />

a corto plazo.<br />

La variante principal para el costo de 10s transfor-<br />

madores es la capacidad de la unidad para<br />

transferencia de energia (kVA). Los niveles de1 volta-<br />

je constituyen la siguiente variante en el cost0 ya que<br />

205<br />

distant point represents the final link to the<br />

power grid. Although sometimes disregarded in<br />

preliminary small hyciroelectric planning, the<br />

length of transmission of the power may be an<br />

economic constraint that sericusly affects pro-<br />

ject feasibility.<br />

Switct?yard<br />

The switchyard is <strong>com</strong>prised of line i;ircuit<br />

breakers, disconnect switches, transformers,<br />

structures, buswork and miscellaneous power<br />

plant equipment. The arrangement of this equip-<br />

ment should allow for the future movement of cir-<br />

cuit breakers and other major equipment into<br />

position without de-energizing exisiing buses and<br />

equipment. For single unit small hydroelectric in-<br />

stallations, the switchyard will consist of the<br />

generator bus, step-up transformer, a disconnect<br />

switch, a line circuit breaker and a take-off tower.<br />

Station transformers, excitation transformers,<br />

and surge and metering cubicles may also be in-<br />

cluded in the switchyard’to decrease floor space<br />

requirements in the powerhouse structure.<br />

Another alternate arrangement would have the

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!