Small Decentralized Hydropower Program National ... - Cd3wd.com

Fuentes hidr&ulicas. El Peni cnenta wn un g-ran
potential hidroel&t&o factible de ser desarrollado
Gcnica y ecorGmicamente, de1 orden de 58,346 MW
en centrales mayores de 30 MW. Este potential en
realidad es mayor p&s todatia no se ha realizado
una evaluaciin a nivel national de 10s pequefios
recursGs, ubicados principalmente en las partes altas
de lac cuencas, donde se encuentran con frecuencia
saltos apreciables pero con pequeiios caudales. Elec-
;ropeti esti gestionando la obtenci6n de una
Coopetaci6n T&nica de la Repiiblica Federal
Alemana para confeccionar un Plan Maewo de Pe-
quefics Centrales Hidroel&tricas, el cual fundamen-
talmente comprenderg la evaluaci6n de 10s pequefios
recursos hidricos y el planeamiento de 10s proyectos
de e!ectrificacZn rural a base de generaci6n
hidrkulica. Estos pequefios recursos son fdctibles de
utilizar por encontrarse gweralmente en las
cercanias de las poblaciones rurales y por requerir
de obrzs relativamente econ6micas.
Interconexibn. Si bien es cierto que en el sentido
estricto, la intercwexi6n no constituye una fuente
de e;ler@a, puede asi considerarse por consistir en
aprovechar mediante lineas de derivacGn, la energia
disponible en sistemas el&t.ricos existentes y de
mayor envergadurp.
En general es econ6micamente factible la deri-
vaci6n mediante lineas de tensi6n hasta 33kV. Ex-
cepcionalmente si la carga lo justifica puede alcan-
zarse la tensi6n de 60 kV, por ejemplo para la elec-
irificaci61-1 de valles donde exista sistema de bnmbeo
de agua subterrhnea. En el case de miniregiones la
tensi6n de subtansmisi6n se lirnibq en general hasta
13.2 h-v.
Otrns Fuentes No Cowencionales
La biomasa: constitida principalmente par
residuos vegetales y animales. Se tiene programado
in&alar plantas pilot0 que mediante pirblisis produzca
gas pobrz para que en mezcla con petrbleo, accione
grupos Grmicos de1 tipo diesel. El Instituto de In-
vestigacibn Tecnol6gica Industrial y de Normas
T&nicas (ITINTEC), esti desarrollando un programa
de investigacilin que incluye la instalacibn recien;e de
una Planta Pilot0 en Puno.
E6lica: actu;.lmente esta fuente no constituye un
medio econbmico de generar energisl electrica para
cargas rurales, sin embargo es utilizada en medios
rurales para el bombeo de pequefios voltimenes de
agua mediante molinos de viento.
Solar: debido a 10s altos costos de1 equipamiento,
esta fuente tampoco es econ6mica para generar elec-
Hydraulic sources. Peru has a great
hydropower potential - in the order of 58,346
ML~ in systems of over 30 MW each - ready to
be developed both technically and economically.
in reality, this potential is larger since 8
national-level eva!uatior. of smaller resources has
not yet been performed. These r?Sc:.Irces are
located in the higher portions bf t!‘.e basin where
frequently there are appreciabr-? >?;&.‘.tirfaiis, but
frequently with low flow. Eiectroperu is
negotiating a technic;ai cooperation agreement
with the Federal Republic of Germany to dc:sign
a master plan for small hydro-powerplants to
evaluate small hydro sources and to plan rural
electrification projects based on hydropower. The
feasibility of the utilization of these small hydro
resources is due to their location in proximity to
rural populations and relatively low installation
cost.
Interconnection. Though in strict sense, the in-
terconnection system does not constitute a
source of energy, it may be considered so
because it consists of distribution lines which
will permit taking advantage of energy available
in larger electric systems already in existence.
in general, distribution lines of up to 33kV are
economically feasiple. Occasionally, when the
load justifies it, the vo!tage could go up tc 80 kV,
as in the case of electrification of valleys where
there is an underground water pumping system.
in the case of mini-regions, the subtransmission
voltage is limited in general to 13.2 kV.
294
Other Unconventional Energy Sources
Biomass, constituted mainly of vegetable and
animal residuals, is one source. There is a plan
to install pilot plants which would produce gas
by means of pyrolysis. This gas, mixed with
petrqieum, would start thermal groups of the
diesel type. The institute of industrial Technology
and Technical Policy (ITINEC) is developing a
research program which includes the recent in-
stallation of a pilot plant in Puno.
At present, eoiic sources are not an economic
means to generate electric power for rural loads,
but are used in rural environments for pumping
small volumes of water by windmills.
Due to the high costs of equiplment, solar
sources are not economic for the generation of
electricity. However, the: sun is used as a heat
source for waterheating and the drying of
agricultural products.